This study proposes Q-learning-based dynamic routing algorithms to address routing and spectrum allocation challenges in elastic optical networks (EONs). An adaptive reinforcement learning framework is employed to enable real-time learning and decision-making under varying network conditions. The proposed Q-learning algorithm takes into consideration both the available spectrum and delay constraints in real-time to make informed decisions during routing and spectrum allocation, resulting in improved network capacity and reduced blocking rates. Following the Q-learning routing algorithm, two commonly used spectrum allocation methods, namely first fit and last fit, are applied. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method yields a lower blocking probability compared to using a combination of K shortest path routing and classical spectrum allocation strategies.
The proposal of multi-stage interlaced structure provided a new idea for the design of multi-channel sub-wavelength arrayed waveguide grating (AW G) with high resolution. An optimal design method for two -stage interlaced AW Gs is described and verified with a 135-channel interleaved AW Gs comprised of a 5-channel primary AW G with 0.5nm of resolution and five 27-channel second-stage AWGs each with 2.5nm of resolution with sub-wavelength waveguide. The bandwidth of the whole system is 65nm centered at 1950nm. Compared with conventional multi-channelschemes, it not only greatly reduces the process requirements and provides greater tolerance, but also simplifies the process of layout design. The AWGs demonstrated is proved be suitable for the development of 2μm optical communication.
An optimal design of Photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) directional coupler (DC) with adiabatic coupling is presented in this paper. Planar wave expand (PWE) method and FDTD method are used to analyze and optimize PCW-DC. It is shown that use this PCW-DC can achieve efficient transmission ratio in cross state, bar state and power division state at different coupling length. The simulation results show that the coupling ratio can be higher than 90% in some selective wavelength in these states. With the help of adiabatic coupling and bent PCW, the coupling coefficient of two parallel SMFs whose distance from each other at standard interval of 125μm can be higher than 90%. This also suggests that this device can realize a very efficient add/drop filter device which can be used in WDM system.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.