Satellite data can be used as a valuable tool for the detection of water pipeline leakages in semiarid areas. However the
use of multi-temporal satellite images for this purpose can be problematic since reflectance values may change due to
phenological changes of plants, radiometric errors during the pre-processing of satellite data, etc. It is therefore important
to establish a spectral signature library with “ground truth data” for different scenarios of water leakages in a control site
minimizing other potential errors. For this purpose, the GER 1500 spectroradiometer was used for measuring the
reflectance values of three different targets: soil, vegetation and asphalt. The targets were saturated with a specific
amount of water and then several spectroradiometric measurements were taken. The narrowband reflectance values were
then re-scaled to spectral bands of Landsat 5 TM and spectral signature variations were highlighted for all targets before
and after moisture level were increased. Using these data, threshold values were defined in order to be used for
multispectral satellite data analysis. Specifically, this data was used for detection of water leakages in pipelines in
Cyprus using Landsat 5 TM images,.
Field spectroscopy is a part of the remote sensing techniques and very important for studies in agriculture. A GER-1500 field spectro-radiometer was used in this study in order to retrieve the necessary spectrum data of the spring potatoes for estimating spectral vegetation indices (SVI’s). A field campaign was undertaken from September to the end of November 2012 for the collection of spectro-radiometric measurements. The study area was in the Mandria Village in Paphos district in Cyprus. This paper demonstrates how crop canopy factors can be statistically related to remotely sensed data, namely vegetation indices. The paper is a part of an EU cofounded project regarding estimating crop water requirements using remote sensing techniques and informing the farmers through 3G smart telephony.
The determination of the atmospheric humidity profile has been traditionally conducted on a relatively local basis by ground-based radiosondes which are special types of instruments used for monitoring atmospheric parameters, such as temperature, humidity, wind and pressure at various altitudes in the atmosphere. An alternative modern technique for measuring atmospheric profiles is the GPS (Global Positioning System) Radio Occultation conducted by means of signals transmitted by GPS satellites (orbiting the Earth at ~ 20200 km) and received by LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellites. The profiles based on this technique are inferred indirectly exploiting radio signals crossing the Earth’s troposphere and undergoing refraction. The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) satellite constellation is such a system based on 6 satellites (at an orbit of ~ 800 km) and has been in operation since 2006 providing excellent spatial coverage with more than 2000 occultations per day. In this paper a comparison of the atmospheric humidity profiles over Cyprus is investigated in terms of these two different measurement techniques, within a period of six years.
The use of satellite remote sensing for water quality monitoring in inland waters has substantial advantages over the insitu
sampling method since it provides the ability for overall area coverage and also for study and supervision of isolated
locations. The development of algorithms for water quality monitoring using satellite data and surface measurements can
be widely found in literature. Such algorithms require validation and one of the major problems faced during these
attempts was the need for continuous surface measurements requiring numerous in-situ samplings that imply also very
high costs due to the need of increased human labour. The development of an automatic and autonomous sensor system
able to be remotely controlled, will cover this gap and will allow the real time combined analysis of satellite and surface
data for the continuous monitoring of water quality in dams as well as the overall water resources management. Wireless
Sensor Networks (WSN) can provide continuous measurements of parameters taken from the field by deploying a lot of
wireless sensors to cover a specific geographical area. An innovative, energy-autonomous floating sensor platform
(buoy) transferring data via wireless network to a remote central database has been developed for this study which can be
applied on all dams in Cyprus. Indeed this project describes the results obtained by an existing running campaign in
which in-situ spectroradiometric (GER1500 field spectroradiometer) measurements, water sampling measurements
(turbidity), sensor measurements (turbidity) and Landsat TM/ETM+ data have been acquired at the Asprokremmos Dam
in Paphos (Cyprus). By applying several regression analyses between reflectance against turbidity for all the spectral
bands that correspond to Landsat TM/ETM+ 1-2-3-4, the highest correlation was found for TM band 3 (R2=0.83).
This paper aims at establishing the spectral reflectance signature for a number of geological mapping features and
specific rocks over the area of Cyprus. This will enable the investigation for specific geological features through
classification using satellite images. The purpose is to provide a useful tool for geologists in observation of surface strata.
Methodology followed includes extraction of the spectral reflectance signature of the geological features by using
satellite imagery, such as those of Landsat TM/ETM+, ASTER etc. In addition in-situ spectro-radiometric measurements
were collected for the same feature locations. The selected sites included mines and quarries, with no vegetation cover
and therefore no influence on results. Spectral reflectance for each feature refers to average value of retreated satellite
image value and measurement result. An algorithm is finally established, aiming to be used for classification purposes of
geological mapping and other applications. This innovated approach will, also, prove by validation the accuracy of each
method for the spectral reflectance signature estimation. This additional benefit would conclude recommendation for
future satellite sensors navigation and work processes. NIR band was found to be suitable for discriminating betonite,
limestone and diabase geological features (as found at quarries and mines).
This paper highlights the importance of using satellite remote sensing in Cyprus for monitoring and managing natural
hazards and public health problems. Satellites are able to quantify physical phenomena associated with earthquakes,
water (floods) and fires. Satellite sensors can be utilized by the scientific community for the remote sensing of natural
hazards over a number of spatial and temporal scales. Indeed this study investigates the potential of monitoring and
managing such natural hazards in Cyprus by providing several case studies in Cyprus as well as the potential of applying
such satellite remote sensing techniques for assessing and monitoring natural hazards in Cyprus. The occurrence of
natural hazards such as fires, flooding, droughts, earthquakes and atmospheric dust in Cyprus as well as the availability
of cloud-free satellite images due to the location of the island makes the use of satellite remote sensing techniques ideal
for monitoring natural hazards.
Landsat TM thermal bands have generally not been used for land-use classification because of their inferior spatial resolution. But thermal band data is potentially useful, highlighting reductions in temperature associated with recent irrigation, and between the different stages of growth of the crops. This paper presents the results of a remote sensing study for land use classification, based upon Landsat 7 ETM+ data, aimed at estimating irrigation water demand on the basis of the areas cultivated with different types of crops, and local irrigation practices. A time series of images has been acquired for an area along the Syr Darya River (Kazakhstan), one of the two major rivers feeding the Aral Sea. Once the fourth largest inland sea in surface area in the world, the Aral Sea has been reduced to less than 20% of its original volume as a result of large-scale irrigation, causing extensive environmental damage. A rational method of managing irrigation is urgently required if the sea is to return to its former condition. This paper explores the use of the Landsat ETM+ thermal bands alongside those more commonly used for agricultural land classification. Strategies for determining irrigation water demand are discussed, and observations are compared with ground truth.
Atmospheric correction is a complex process, which requires substantial modelling and computation, and a major difficulty is to obtain appropriate input parameters for the models. Numerous investigators have dealt with the development of simple or sophisticated approaches for the atmospheric correction of satellite images. However there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of such techniques especially when dealing with historical datasets in which input parameters for atmospheric models prove difficult to be obtained. The use pseudo-invariant targets in conjunction with
radiative transfer calculations is an alternative atmospheric correction technique which offers a relatively simple mean of
removing atmospheric effects in multi-temporal series of image data; providing that suitable pseudo-invariant targets can be easily identified on the satellite images and records on the their spectral characteristics are available. The spectral data of the proposed pseudo-invariant targets can be easily found in the literature from other studies. Indeed, this paper explores the need for identifying suitable pseudo-invariant targets, which are large in size, distinctive in shape and common in many geographical areas. This paper presents an application of use pseudo-invariant targets for removing atmospheric effects from Landsat TM and ETM+ satellite imagery acquired over different geographical areas such as in
UK, Cyprus, Kazakhstan and Greece for environmental applications.
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