KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Space telescopes, James Webb Space Telescope, Mirrors, Cryogenics, Optical spheres, Aluminum, Temperature metrology, Sensors, Wavefronts
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Telescope Element (OTE) gathers the light from astronomical
objects and provides it to four scientific instruments and the observatory guider. The Canadian contribution to JWST, the
Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS), includes both the FGS-Guider and one of the science instruments, the Tunable Filter
Imager (FGS-TFI); both are packaged together and are functionally independent. The FGS OGSE (Optical Ground
Support Equipment) is used to simulate the image from the OTE and verify the optical performance of the FGS Guider
and TFI during instrument level testing. The OGSE consists of 25 separate telescopes, each of which simulates a point
source at a different field location. The OGSE must maintain alignment and image quality at the cryogenic (30-40K)
operating temperature of the FGS. This paper presents WFE (wavefront error) testing for one of the telescopes over a
temperature range from ambient to cryogenic operating temperatures (30 K). This test made use of a Zygo
interferometer with the standard Zygo transmission sphere replaced by a custom-made transmission sphere located in the
cryo vacuum chamber. Meanwhile, image position displacements (focus) during cooling down with respect to ambient
are also obtained by tracking the position of the transmission sphere. The results show that the WFE degrades from 19
nm (RMS) at ambient to 42 nm (RMS) at 30 K, while the image displaces about 5.6 mm at 30 K with respect to ambient
temperature. The reason for the focus displacement is discussed.
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