Novel technological solutions for diagnostics and treatment support for inflammatory and noninflammatory (urethral pain syndrome (UPS)) processes in urethra are an urgent task in urology. Visualization of normal and pathologically changed female urethral wall was performed using two types of cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP OCT) probes: forward-looking flexible probe and side-looking needle-type one. The advantage of the needle-type probe was the ability to visualize the urethra along its entire length in a short time. Forward-looking probe was convenient for the combined examination of the urethra and urinary bladder in one procedure. In consequence of using CP OCT method, consistent patterns of changes in epithelial and connective tissues of the urethra as a result of inflammatory processes and during UPS were revealed, which cannot be obtained by other methods available in the current clinical practice.
A method of numerical compensating of OCT image distortion provided by fluctuations of the distance to the object has been proposed and verified experimentally. The method is based on the analysis of inter A-scan phase shifts caused by micrometer-scale displacements, and the subsequent compensation of the displacements by phase-frequency correction in the spectral space. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated in model experiments with harmonic and random movements of a scattering object, as well as during in vivo imaging of the retina of the human eye.
An introduction of innovative minimally invasive methods like multimodal optical coherence tomography (OCT) with polarization-sensitivity and angiography modes for intrasurgical guidance appears to be a critical challenge for the modern neurooncology. This study aimed to develop a new instrument for targeted stereotactic brain biopsy based on cross-polarization (CP) OCT realized in standard biopsy needle to increase the safety of ongoing neurosurgical procedures. Experimental studies in vivo on the healthy rat’s brain allow detecting blood vessels in the process of moving the biopsy needle along the brain surface and detect tissue type (cerebral cortex or white matter) when the needle went inside the brain. The images was assessed by visual criteria. However, CP OCT signal quantification methods will increase the sensitivity/specificity for the tissue type differentiation and blood vessels detection. The potential of CP OCT as an effective instrument for OCT-guided stereotactic biopsy of brain tumors was demonstrated.
An efficient technique for constructing the achromatic phase shift in the reference arm of spectral-domain OCT is presented. The technique is based on a wavelength-dependent optical delay line using a diffractive grating as a dispersive element. The high value of mirror artifact decreasing is demonstrated in common OCT setup.
The preliminary results of the project devoted to the use of optical coherence tomography technique to evaluate the middle ear effusion condition are presented. The method of estimation of the middle ear effusion viscosity using the Fourier analysis of the OCT data is proposed. The method provides the possibility to distinguish areas filled by water and effusion in situ. The data on use of the especially-developed SD OCT system is reported.
We report realizations of OCT combining conventional structural imaging, polarization-sensitive one, as well as allowing for real-time angiographic, elastographic and lymphangiographic modalities with manual-operation capabilities. Among the main features of the developed device one can point out on-flight imaging of microvascular network with feedback for clinicians when performing angiography; in elastography - robust "vector" method of interframe phasevariation gradient estimation and stiffness quantification using reference silicone layers; lymphangiography utilizing pixel statistics beyond conventional amplitude thresholding, etc. These capabilities are ensured by the developed optical schemes of the probe, signal receiving parts, as well as computationally efficient signal processing methods. Examples of the developed device usage in preclinical and clinical applications are discussed (efficient criteria for PDT success; angiographic monitoring of complications during radiotherapy; elastographic classification of tumor and non-tumor regions; detailed imaging of fairly rapid transient and slowly varying deformations in laser-assisted reshaping of collagenous tissues; lymphangiography-based diagnostics in gynecology; otolaryngologic applications for diagnosing inner ear diseases, etc.)
The most valuable results for the use of OCT imaging in ENT diagnostics have been shown by Stephen Boppart and his group in Illinois Urbana-Champaign University. In 2016 this group demonstrated the possibility to reconstruct some viscosity properties of the effusion by the use of OCT providing some additional measurements.
Our team have provided the pilot study on the possibility of detection of the effusion using the OCT device in 2014 13. The current work is devoted to improvement of Dr Boppart’s approach to examine the effusion viscosity.
To provide the preliminary investigations we used the time-domain OCT device due to the reason of its clinical approval. This device provides about 200 A-scans per second, which is quite enough to register the Brownian movement of the scatterers in the middle ear effusion.
All investigations were made by the use of thin (2.4 mm diameter) flexible forward-viewing probe 14 pushed through the standard ear mirror. The main disadvantage of the probe is the requirement of the contact between the tip and the tympanic membrane, which may cause some discomfort to the patient. In the order to enhance the image brightness behind the tympanic membrane the immersion was injected in the auditory meatus. The use of immersion also provides the reference level of scatterers mobility while the effusion viscosity was examined.
The conventional OCT image of the eardrum demonstrates the high level of backscattering particles behind the membrane in the case of otitis media with effusion. Following 11, we switch scanning off and recorded images. The obtained image became time-resolved and moving scatterers are presented here as quite short horizontal lines on the image while the steady area is presented by long horizontal lines set.
Dr Monroy used time-correlated analysis to estimate the mobility of particles suspended in the effusion. We propose to use the Fourier analysis of the image, which seems to be more informative.
We implemented the 2D-Fourier transform to the OCT data recorded while the scanning was switched off. One can easily note the differences in the width of the spectrum between areas of eardrum, water immersion and effusion noting the effective spectral width. To numerically estimate the width of the Fourier image we fit every row data with the Gaussian shape. After that the FWHM parameters of the Gaussian shapes were used to obtain the in-depth profile of the particles “mobility. One can see that the obtained by proposed method particles “mobility” is quite different in cases of the water suspension and the effusion.
We have proposed the method of estimation of the middle ear effusion viscosity using the Fourier analysis of the OCT data obtained by the fixed probe beam. The method provides the possibility to distinguish areas filled by water and effusion. We believe this approach to be useful in differentiation the grade of the otitis media with effusion in clinical conditions.
This research was supported by Russian Science Foundation (project No 17-15-01507).
Aperture synthesis techniques such as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy (ISAM) and digital refocusing allow to restore Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images in out-of-focus regions and obtain increased spatial resolution. Since these techniques are phase sensitive, they require object stability during OCT data acquisition. Since these techniques are manipulate volumetric data as well, application of the techniques to in vivo measurements require some motion correction procedure. In this work we will show that some of these correction procedures can obliterate not only local phase variations caused by the objects motion during the acquisition but local phase variations caused by defocusing, thus erasing information necessary for OCT image restoration. Ways of overcoming the problem are presented and discussed.
An efficient technique of correction of coherence gate curvature in spectral-domain OCT is proposed. A method of
constructing of different shapes of single spectral component envelop is described. The control of the single spectral
component envelop allows to eliminate over-depth artifacts caused by preserved partial coherence in the optical delays
longer then coherence length.
A method of OCT imaging with a resolution throughout the investigated volume equal
to the resolution in the best-focused region is described. It is based on summation of
three-dimensional scattered field distributions at the wavelengths determined by OCT
source spectral decomposition. A method of finding parameters needed for
algorithmic realization of the summation is also proposed. The proposed approaches
are tested on several model media, including biological ones. As the proposed
algorithm is phase sensitive, and phase stability is crucial, phase equalization
preprocessing which allows compensating the phase error caused by object motion
during scanning was proposed.
An efficient technique of simultaneous obtaining of quadrature spectral components of interference signal in
spectrometer-based OCT using a single-line linear photodiode array is proposed. The components are obtained in air-spaced
non-polarization interferometer by partition of reference beam onto two parts and using an achromatic phase
shifter. Several setups are described and compared.
An efficient technique of linear in-wavenumber optical spectrum registration in SD-OCT is proposed. Methods of partial
phase correction of registered optical spectrum for in-wavenumber linearization are described and investigated. The
decrease sensitivity decay with depth increasing degeneration is presented. The experimental results for sample media
are presented.
The problem of restoration Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images, acquired with
tightly focused probing beam, in out-of-focus region for improving lateral resolution of the
OCT has been considered. Phase stability issue has been discussed and phase equalization
algorithm has been proposed. After phase equalization, the algorithm of digital refocusing,
based on some methods from the DH, have been applied to the simulated as well as to
experimental OCT data, acquired with tightly focused scanning beam to restore micrometer
lateral resolution in the whole investigated volume.
In this paper we describe an algorithm which is able to compensate an unknown
defocus. This algorithm has been applied to recovering defocused en-face Optical
Coherence Tomography images. Lateral resolution about 5 um has been achieved at
distance from focal plane about 10 Rayleigh lengths.. Both numerical simulations and
experiment have been performed to demonstrate the ability of the method.
An efficient technique of simultaneous obtaining of quadrature spectral components of interference signal in
spectrometer-based OCT is proposed. The components are obtained in air-spaced non-polarization interferometer by
partition of reference beam onto two parts and using an achromatic phase shifter. Several setups of phase sifter are
described and compared.
In this paper we show the ability of well known in Synthetic Aperture Radar
applications Phase Gradient Autofocus to recover defocused Optical Coherence
Tomography images and achieve lateral resolution about 5 um at wide depth range.
High-resolution details could be recovered from far-from-focal plane (defocused)
regions. Both numerical simulations and experiment have been performed to
demonstrate the ability of the method.
An efficient technique of simultaneous obtaining of quadrature spectral components of interference signal in
spectrometer-based OCT is proposed. The components are obtained in air-spaced non-polarization interferometer by
partition of reference beam onto two parts and using an achromatic phase shifter. Several setups of phase sifter are
described and compared.
In this paper we show the ability of well known in Synthetic Aperture Radar
applications Phase Gradient Autofocus to recover defocused Optical Coherence
Tomography images and achieve lateral resolution about 5 um at wide depth range.
High-resolution details could be recovered from far-from-focal plane (defocused)
regions. Both numerical simulations and experiment have been performed to
demonstrate the ability of the method.
An efficient technique of the coherent noise separation of and compensation for in spectral-domain optical coherence
tomography (SD-OCT) is proposed and validated. The coherent noise is separated during one exposure by modulating the relative delay of the signal and reference waves by a certain waveform. It is shown that the influence of internal motions in an object on the coherent noise separation quality can be reduced by increasing of modulation frequency. The technique has been numerically and experimentally validated.
The work is devoted to improvement of spectral-domain OCT method to envelope real-time investigation of living
biological tissue. Although spectral-domain OCT was positioned as a simple, high-speed and contrast OCT technique,
researchers are faced with a family of difficulties during the development process. Problems of linear-in-wavenumber
registration of spectral components and clearing of OCT-image of coherent noises are solved.
The linear wave-number spectrometer for spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is proposed. Compensation by optical glass prism is used to make optical frequency readouts equidistant in diffraction grating based spectrometer. We demonstrate that selection of only two optical prism parameters almost completely eliminates non-equidistance of optical frequency readouts. Proposed optically linearized spectrometer allows reconstructing OCT image without any numerical resampling.
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