We present a new beamline for Versatile Soft X-ray Spectroscopy at Diamond Light Source, VerSoX B07-B, with a medium X-rays flux in the photon energy range 45-2200 eV. B07-B has two endstations permitting studies of a wide range of interfaces and materials. ES-2 enables high-throughput NEXAFS (Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Spectroscopy) under ambient-pressure conditions, ES-1 is dedicated to high-throughput X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). ES-1 is fully motorised and automated; it is equipped with fast entry lock, rotary distribution, sample storage and two sample preparation chambers for standard UHV sample preparation and characterisation.
Spinel oxides, AB2O4, have been identified as potential photocatalysts for the water splitting process. Their formula can be written as (A1-xBx)[B2-xAx]O4 where () and [] represent the atoms occupying tetrahedral and octahedral sites, respectively. x is the degree of inversion (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), which can affect properties of spinels. A combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to study CoFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4 samples. The core level calculations complemented the analysis of the XPS of the transition metals to understand the degree of inversion and possible oxidation state changes.
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