A high-precision extrinsic calibration is the underlying premise of the accurate perception of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and camera systems commonly used in the autonomous driving industry. We propose a coarse-to-fine strategy to get rigid-body transformation between solid-state LiDAR with non-repetitive scanning and a RGB camera system using a chessboard as the calibration target. This method exploits the reflectance intensity characteristics of the LiDAR point cloud, which exhibit the distinct distribution in white and black blocks of chessboard. In the coarse calibration step, a reflectance intensity Gaussian mixture model was used to extract the unicolor block point cloud from the chessboard point cloud. Therefore, the initial estimate of the extrinsic parameter was obtained by aligning the corners in the point cloud and calculating the centroid of the unicolor block point cloud and corners in the image. In the refinement step, we extracted points on the border of each block as LiDAR features and designed an iterative optimization algorithm to align the intensity of LiDAR features with grayscale features in the image. This method utilizes the intensity information and compensates for corner errors in the point cloud due to reflectance intensity binarization. The results of the comparative experiment revealed that the proposed method outperformed existing methods in terms of accuracy. Experiments based on simulations and real-world conditions revealed that the proposed algorithm demonstrated a high accuracy, robustness, and consistency.
We demonstrated an ultra-low noise polarization-maintaining (PM) single frequency fiber laser (SFFL) at 2 μm. By suppressing the pump relative intensity noise (RIN) using a feedback loop control, the RIN and frequency noise of the SFFL are simultaneously reduced, and the reduction is about 3 - 15 dB and 3 - 8.4 dB, respectively. After two stage Tm3+-doped PM fiber amplifier, the output power reached about 5 W. Meanwhile, the frequency noise almost has no increases, which is still below 100 Hz/√Hz after 13 Hz. And the frequency-tunable range is approximately 2 GHz with frequency response of 46 MHz/V.
We report an injection-locked single-frequency fiber laser with widely tunable repetition rate. A distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) fiber laser with a central wavelength of 1.063μm and a single frequency continuous-wave (CW) output is used as the master laser. A Fabry–Pérot (F-P) laser diode (LD) with wavelength range of 1.050μm to 1.067μm is used as the slave laser. The single-frequency pulsed laser output is achieved at 1.063μm by controlling pulse, amplitude, temperature of F-P LD and adjusting injection power of DBR fiber laser. The pulse duration can be adjusted between 0.6ns and 40ns. The repetition rate of the laser output can be tuned between 100kHz and 2MHz by tuning the electronic trigger signal. The linewidth is 14MHz when pulse duration is 11ns with repetition rate of 100kHz. The laser with local-oscillator (LO) output shows important value for the applications in the field of coherent LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging).
Frequency-sweeping lasers have drawn considerable attentions, especially in FMCW LIDAR. The frequency sweeping single-frequency PM fiber laser is respectively realized by piezoelectric (PZT) modulation and pump modulation, which using the same Er-doped distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) fiber cavity. The central wavelength is 1552.49 nm with the extinction ratio of above 20 dB. The frequency sweeping range of PZT modulation is seen to be up to 745 MHz under the modulation repetition rate of 1Hz, and the modulation repetition rate of the pump can be tuned from 1Hz to 20 kHz. However, the frequency sweeping range and tunable range of pump modulation is 635 MHz and from 1Hz to 10 kHz, respectively. Comparing with both methods, the PZT modulation has wider sweeping range and tunable range, however, the mechanical resonance will be occurred. The pump modulation indicates virtually linearly frequency modulation. Future works to achieve more characteristic of two modulation methods are undergoing.
Frequency swept laser sources have various applications, such as LIDAR, spectroscopy, sensing. We demonstrate a 1.5-μm frequency-sweepable single frequency fiber laser in this work. By modulating the intensity of the pump, photo-induced refractive index change occurs in the gain fiber and the free spectral range of the laser is improved. As a result, the frequency sweeping can be realized. The DBR structure is employed to ensure the single-frequency operation. The central wavelength and the maximum sweeping range is measured to be 1550.25nm and 800MHz, respectively. A repetition rate up to 1kHz with an average output power of 0.6mw is realized.
We demonstrated an all-fiber single-frequency DBR master oscillator and power amplifier at 1992.6 nm. The maximum output power of the fiber amplifier was 100 W with a slope efficiency of 53% and the optical signal-to-noise ratio was about 50dB. The linewidth was less than 66 kHz and the beam quality factor M2 was 1.22 at the maximum output power. The RINs of the seed and the power amplifier were measured to be -120 dB/Hz and -102 dB/Hz at the relaxation oscillation frequency, respectively.
KEYWORDS: Fiber lasers, Signal to noise ratio, High power lasers, Optical isolators, Laser applications, Acoustics, High power fiber amplifiers, Optical amplifiers, Laser damage threshold, Polarization
We demonstrate a high-power, high signal-to-noise ratio single-frequency 1 μm Brillouin all-fiber laser with high slope efficiency. The Brillouin laser system consists of a high-power single-frequency fiber laser and a single-pass Brillouin ring cavity. The high-power single-frequency fiber laser is one-stage master-oscillator power amplifier with the maximum output power of 10.33 W, the signal-to-noise ratio of 50 dB and the slope efficiency of 46%. The Brillouin fiber laser is pumped by the amplified laser with a linewidth of 33 kHz and an output power of 2.61 W limited by the damage threshold of the optical isolator. By optimizing the length of the Brillouin ring cavity to 10 m, stable singlefrequency Brillouin fiber laser is obtained with 3 kHz linewidth owing to the linewidth narrowing effect. At the launched pump power of 2.15 W, the Brillouin fiber laser generates maximum output power of 1.4 W with a slope efficiency of 79% and the optical signal-to-noise ratio of 77 dB.
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