Recently, an adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) approach has been proposed for the damage identification and
tracking of structures. Simulation and experimental studies have demonstrated that this AEKF approach is capable of
tracking the damages for linear structures. In this paper, an experimental study is conducted and presented to verify the
capability of the adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) approach for identifying and tracking the damages in
nonlinear structures. A base-isolated building model, consisting of a scaled building model mounted on a rubber-bearing
isolation system, has been tested experimentally in the laboratory. The non-linear behavior of the base isolators is
modeled by the Bouc-Wen model. To simulate the structural damages during the test, an innovative device, referred to as
the stiffness element device (SED), is proposed to reduce the stiffness of either the upper story of the structure or the
base isolator. Two earthquake excitations have been used to drive the test model, including the El Centro and Kobe
earthquakes. Various damage scenarios have been simulated and tested. Measured acceleration response data and the
AEKF approach are used to track the variation of the stiffness during the test. The tracking results for the stiffness
variations correlate well with that of the referenced values. It is concluded that the AEKF approach is capable of tracking
the variation of structural parameters leading to the detection of structural damages.
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