A photoelectric autocollimator, which consists of an optical autocollimator and an area CCD and whose standard
deviation is less than 0.5" calibrated by a dual-frequency laser interferometer HP5528A, is proposed in the paper. The
positional precision of a NC motorized stage is detected automatically and quickly by applying the photoelectric
autocollimator calibrated and an optical polyhedron to finish the error compensation of the stage. According to GB/T
17421.2-2000, when the polyhedron and the stage both revolve with the same axis, the positional error of the stage is
measured by the photoelectric autocollimator and then sent back to the controlling system of the stage manually or
automatically. Experimental results show that an angle can be measured by the photoelectric autocollimator and the
calculated position accuracy agrees with that which is measured by a Triangle autocollimator 500-57 at the same time.
Four issues of the method of photoelectric autocollimation for two-dimensional small angle measurement such as
adjustment of calibration system, elimination of the effect on the measurement result induced by the installing position of
the CCD camera relative to the autocollimator, processing methods of experimental data and repeatability of the system
are studied in the paper. The calibration system which is composed of a precision motorized stage, a dual-frequency laser
interferometer and a photoelectric autocollimator, is regulated to accomplish two separate calibrations around Z-axis and
X-axis in the measuring coordinates system which is established by considering horizontal, vertical line of the crosshair
and optical axis as X-axis, Z-axis and Y-axis respectively. Experimental results show that the formula method which can
reduce the random error and remove the system error effectively with the average error of zero and the standard
deviation 0.59". Compared with traditional optical autocollimator, the improvement of the photoelectric autocollimation
method can be used to achieve rapid and automatic positional detection and error compensation of CNC rotary shaft.
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