As a new type of remotely sensed resources, EOS/MODIS imagery has moderate spatial resolution, high temporal
resolution and high spectral resolution. Based on the spectral character analyses of water body in EOS/MODIS images,
this paper proposes models of water body extraction from EOS/MODIS remotely sensed imagery. It shows that the
spectral differences between water body and other targets in a single channel of EOS/MODIS image are not very clear;
however, their spectral relationship differences between different channels of EOS/MODIS images are obvious. Water
body can be segmented and extracted by the criteria of NDWI<-0.1 or NDVI<0.04 & (CH4-CH5)>2.0. The precisions of
water body extraction with the established models are up to 90%.
The relationships between the atmosphere products of EOS/MODIS and precipitation are analyzed. Some key
meteorological factors tightly related to precipitation are then selected. With the key meteorological factors extracted
from EOS/MODIS remote sensing datasets and the corresponding observed precipitation being the input and output layer
respectively, a Back Propagation(BP) Artificial Neural Network(ANN) is learned and trained. As the test and
application, the distributed precipitations in Qingjiang river basin located at central China are estimated with the
established model. It is concluded that the precipitations estimated by the BP ANN based on EOS/MODIS are nearly
equal to the observed ones at the rainfall stations distributed in the river basin. It is revealed that the integration of
EOS/MODIS and ANN provides a new effective way to estimate the distributed precipitation in river basin near real time.
Vegetation cover is an important component and the best indication to the region ecological environment. The paper
adopts a new method of integrating remote sensing technology and composite index appraisal model based multiple
linear regression for quantitatively evaluating the regional vegetation ecological environment quality(VEEQ). This
method is different to the traditional ecological environment research methods. It fully utilizes the advantages of
quantitatively remote sensing technology, directly extracts the key influencing factors of VEEQ, such as vegetation
indices (RVI, NDVI, ARVI, TMG), humidity indices(NDMI, MI, TMW), soil and landform indices(NDSI, TMB,
GRABS) as the evaluating parameters from data the Landsat 5/TM remotely sensed images, and then puts these factors
mentioned above into the multiple linear regression evaluating model. Ultimately we obtain the VEEQ evaluation rank
figure of the experimental field-part of Qingjiang region. The handy multiple linear regression model, is proved to be
well fit the experimental field for the vegetation ecological environment evaluation research.
Hydrological model is very significant for the runoff simulation and flood prediction. Compared with lump hydrological model, distributed hydrological model has more specific physical mechanisms which consider the spatial non-uniformity of hydrological parameters in the river basin. Because of its complex space-related parameters, DHM is not easy to be constructed in conventional ways. The method and technology to realize DHM in practice have become the major bottleneck that has been restricting DHM construction. This paper proposes a new method for the construction of DHM based on GIS and RS. According to the method, GIS is not only adopted to extract the subcatchment and drainage system in river basin from DEM, but also applied to divide the hydrological subunits and to manage the space-related parameters. Multi-source remotely sensed images are utilized to acquire the parameters of all hydrological subunits distributed in the river basin. Based on the integrated application of GIS and RS, hydrological spatial information grid which serves as the platform of DHM construction is proposed. It is concluded that the integrated application of GIS and RS provides a new modern method for the realization of DHM, and makes it possible to construct a hydrological model in practice with the real meaning of "distributed in the whole scale of river basin".
A distributed hydrological model incorporating the catchment's spatial information including topography, land cover and soil, was developed in this paper. The proposed model splits the concerned catchment into a series of sub-catchments linked with stream networks derived from digital elevation model. A revised TOPMODEL, which includes a forest canopy sub-module to descript the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of forest cover, was used to simulate runoff processes of each sub-catchment. The model was implemented to fully integrate with Arc/Info and input parameters derived from remote sensing images could be generated effectively through the geographic information system. The model was applied to a case study in the QingJiang river basin, which is one of the largest catchments in the middle reach of the Yangtze River. The voids-filled SRTM DEM was used to derive stream networks and topographic information including area, topographic index distribution of each sub-catchment. Land cover and LAI products of MODIS incorporated with the FAO global soil map were used to derive other relative model parameters. The model was calibrated and validated with observed hydrological datasets and the result indicates that the model can simulate reasonably well the runoff hydrograph and a distributed hydrological modeling system integrated with GIS and remote sensing has a great potential for both research and application.
The water body information is accurately extracted from remotely sensed images with the method of normalized ratio
index, and the water information is greatly enhanced through restricting the brightness of backgrounds. What's more,
there is no noise formed by shadows in results. However, the spatial resolution of most images used for water extraction
is usually not high enough to identify water body clearly. Fusion of remotely sensed images with different spatial
resolution can solve this problem. Four data fusion methods such as Modified Brovey Transform (MBT), Multiplication
Transform (MLT), Smoothing Filter-based Intensity Modulation Transform (SFIMT) and High Pass Filter Transform
(HPTF) have been applied to merge ETM+ panchromatic band with multi-spectral band data. Normalized ration method
is adopted to extract water body information from both original and merged images. The effect of data fusion and
extracting result are validated and evaluated by qualitative analysis and quantitative statistical calculation. SFIMT model
enjoys the best maintenance of spectral quality from the multi-spectral bands. On the other hand, MLT model has the
highest spatial frequency information gain. In the data fusion algorithms, SFIMT is the optimization data fusion method
appropriate to the normalized ration water extracting model.
KEYWORDS: Data modeling, 3D modeling, Data acquisition, Databases, Data conversion, Modeling and simulation, Visualization, Geographic information systems, 3D acquisition, Visual process modeling
Digital city is one of the important branches and regional layers of digital earth. The modeling and simulation of a city can visualize the city in the computer and therefore improve the management of the city. How to model and simulate the city in a three dimensional scale with the seamless link between spatial geometry and attribution has become the hot topic of experts from both virtual reality and geographical information system fields. This paper designs a platform of three dimension modeling and simulation for digital city. This platform consists of several modules such as Data Acquisition, Data Import & Export, Database Management, Model Edit & Reorganization, and Scene Create & Cruise. The most important input data resources used in this platform are DXF and 3DS, which are obtained and produced from the digital stereo photos taken by the Data Acquisition Module(Z-system). The Import & Export Module converts the DXF and 3DS data into OpenFlight format, and then by using the Model Edit & Reorganization Module, the converted models can be visually edited and reorganized so as to recreate more rational models with both spatial and attribute information stored in the Database Management Module. The Scene Create & Cruise Module selects models from the database to create three dimensional scenes of the city and provides the interactive cruise and information query in the scenes of the city. It is concluded that this platform integrates the technologies of geographical information system, virtual reality and database, and can play the role of the base of digital city onto which other application systems are joined.
This paper presents a novel two-dimensional surface model, the further development of facet model, to achieve image fusion through a "surface-then-fuse" information fusion architecture realized by an advanced approximation/derivative technique. Experiment confirms that surface model can improve the spatial quality and preserve the spectral characteristics of the original images both quantitatively and visually.
In the fields of flood hazard prediction and water resource management, subcatchments and their parameters play very important roles because they are needed for almost all analyses and simulations related to rivers. However, they are prepared by field surveys in usual cases, so they have not yet been prepared for mountainous or deep forest areas difficult to survey, or they are not so accurate although they have been already prepared for those areas. In addition, such kinds of field surveys spend much time and costs, so it seems stalled to prepare subcatchments and their parameters with high accuracy in those areas. In this research, we developed the methods to extract subcatchments and their parameters from satellite remote sensing data. Our method to extract subcatchments needs only DEM obtained by satellite remote sensing, without any field surveys, so we can extract subcatchments anywhere if only DEM exists for there. Topographical parameters of extracted subcatchments are calculated also only from DEM. Using surface data obtained by multi band optical sensor, landcover is determined. These methods will enhance the preparation of subcatchments' parameters for mountainous or deep forest area. As a practical way to use of those extracted parameters, we developed a runoff simulation program too. It simulates draining discharges, using the extracted parameters above and some other parameters. By the simulation for past runoff, with fitting algorithm, it can correct parameters into more suitable.
Geological structures used to be faint and blur in remotely sensed image as they are usually buried or hidden under the ground. In spite of that, the information of them can be found out in single band or multi-bands of the multi-spectrum data. Geological structures can be considered as image anomalies upon complex background. It is an important approach for geological structure enhancement to enhance the difference between the anomaly and its background in single band or multi-bands. Characteristics of spatial spectral distribution is thus special significant for image processing. Along this way, we improved on two methods, mean-residue (MR) and selective principal component analysis (SPCA), with emphasis on spatial spectral analysis, to enhance geological structures. Applications of the methods to actual TM data have arrived at good results. The keys of the two methods are respectively the determination of filter kernel and the selection of band pair.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.