Mr. Raid M. Saabni Profile

Raid M. Saabni

Senior Researcher at Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo

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Publications (4)

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Proceedings Article | 10 April 2018 Paper

Document image binarization using ”multi-scale” predefined filters

Raid Saabni

Proceedings Volume 10615, 106151L (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2303604

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Image quality, Image filtering, Gaussian filters, Anisotropic filtering, Image enhancement, Linear filtering

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Reading text or searching for key words within a historical document is a very challenging task. one of the ﬁrst steps of the complete task is binarization, where we separate foreground such as text, ﬁgures and drawings from the background. Successful results of this important step in many cases can determine next steps to success or failure, therefore it is very vital to the success of the complete task of reading and analyzing the content of a document image. Generally, historical documents images are of poor quality due to their storage condition and degradation over time, which mostly cause to varying contrasts, stains, dirt and seeping ink from reverse side. In this paper, we use banks of anisotropic predeﬁned ﬁlters in diﬀerent scales and orientations to develop a binarization method for degraded documents and manuscripts. Using the fact, that handwritten strokes may follow diﬀerent scales and orientations, we use predeﬁned sets of ﬁlter banks having various scales, weights, and orientations to seek a compact set of ﬁlters and weights in order to generate diﬀerent layers of foregrounds and background. Results of convolving these ﬁlters on the gray level image locally, weighted and accumulated to enhance the original image. Based on the diﬀerent layers, seeds of components in the gray level image and a learning process, we present an improved binarization algorithm to separate the background from layers of foreground. Diﬀerent layers of foreground which may be caused by seeping ink, degradation or other factors are also separated from the real foreground in a second phase. Promising experimental results were obtained on the DIBCO2011 , DIBCO2013 and H-DIBCO2016 data sets and a collection of images taken from real historical documents.

Proceedings Article | 10 April 2018 Paper

Text extraction from images in the wild using the Viola-Jones algorithm

Raid Saabna, Eran Zingboim

Proceedings Volume 10615, 106151H (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2303559

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Machine vision, Computer vision technology, Algorithm development

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Text Localization and extraction is an important issue in modern applications of computer vision. Applications such as reading and translating texts in the wild or from videos are among the many applications that can benefit results of this field. In this work, we adopt the well-known Viola-Jones algorithm to enable text extraction and localization from images in the wild. The Viola-Jones is an efficient, and a fast image-processing algorithm originally used for face detection. Based on some resemblance between text and face detection tasks in the wild, we have modified the viola-jones to detect regions of interest where text may be localized. In the proposed approach, some modification to the HAAR like features and a semi-automatic process of data set generating and manipulation were presented to train the algorithm. A process of sliding windows with different sizes have been used to scan the image for individual letters and letter clusters existence. A post processing step is used in order to combine the detected letters into words and to remove false positives. The novelty of the presented approach is using the strengths of a modified Viola-Jones algorithm to identify many different objects representing different letters and clusters of similar letters and later combine them into words of varying lengths. Impressive results were obtained on the ICDAR contest data sets.

SPIE Journal Paper | 31 January 2013

Keywords image retrieval in historical handwritten Arabic documents

Raid Saabni, Jihad El-Sana

JEI, Vol. 22, Issue 01, 013016, (January 2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JEI.22.1.013016

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Image retrieval, Feature extraction, Distance measurement, Image processing, Databases, Genetic algorithms, Computer programming, Binary data, Curium

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A system is presented for spotting and searching keywords in handwritten Arabic documents. A slightly modified dynamic time warping algorithm is used to measure similarities between words. Two sets of features are generated from the outer contour of the words/word-parts. The first set is based on the angles between nodes on the contour and the second set is based on the shape context features taken from the outer contour. To recognize a given word, the segmentation-free approach is partially adopted, i.e., continuous word parts are used as the basic alphabet, instead of individual characters or complete words. Additional strokes, such as dots and detached short segments, are classified and used in a postprocessing step to determine the final comparison decision. The search for a keyword is performed by the search for its word parts given in the correct order. The performance of the presented system was very encouraging in terms of efficiency and match rates. To evaluate the presented system its performance is compared to three different systems. Unfortunately, there are no publicly available standard datasets with ground truth for testing Arabic key word searching systems. Therefore, a private set of images partially taken from Juma’a Al-Majid Center in Dubai for evaluation is used, while using a slightly modified version of the IFN/ENIT database for training.

Proceedings Article | 24 January 2011 Paper

Word spotting for handwritten documents using Chamfer Distance and Dynamic Time Warping

Raid Saabni, Jihad El-Sana

Proceedings Volume 7874, 78740J (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.873392

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Distance measurement, Detection and tracking algorithms, Feature extraction, Image processing, Aluminum, Genetic algorithms, Algorithm development, Binary data

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A large amount of handwritten historical documents are located in libraries around the world. The desire to access, search, and explore these documents paves the way for a new age of knowledge sharing and promotes collaboration and understanding between human societies. Currently, the indexes for these documents are generated manually, which is very tedious and time consuming. Results produced by state of the art techniques, for converting complete images of handwritten documents into textual representations, are not yet sufficient. Therefore, word-spotting methods have been developed to archive and index images of handwritten documents in order to enable efficient searching within documents. In this paper, we present a new matching algorithm to be used in word-spotting tasks for historical Arabic documents. We present a novel algorithm based on the Chamfer Distance to compute the similarity between shapes of word-parts. Matching results are used to cluster images of Arabic word-parts into different classes using the Nearest Neighbor rule. To compute the distance between two word-part images, the algorithm subdivides each image into equal-sized slices (windows). A modified version of the Chamfer Distance, incorporating geometric gradient features and distance transform data, is used as a similarity distance between the different slices. Finally, the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm is used to measure the distance between two images of word-parts. By using the DTW we enabled our system to cluster similar word-parts, even though they are transformed non-linearly due to the nature of handwriting. We tested our implementation of the presented methods using various documents in different writing styles, taken from Juma'a Al Majid Center - Dubai, and obtained encouraging results.

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