We present the measurement results of the pre-flight characterization and calibration of the EnMAP HyperSpectral Imager (HSI) and draw conclusions on the performance of the instrument itself as well as the optical ground support equipment (OGSE) deployed. The HSI is capable of measuring the solar irradiance reflected from the Earth’s surface as a continuous spectrum in the spectral range of 420 nm to 2450 nm, with an average spectral sampling of 6.5nm (VNIR) and 10nm (SWIR). The EnMAP swath of 30 km is sampled with 30 m in along and across track direction. The on-ground characterization was performed in air comprising a spectral, geometric, radiometric, polarimetric, and stray light characterization. For spectral calibration, a monochromator setup was used to characterize the spectral response function of the instrument yielding a wavelength and spectral resolution calibration including spectral smile. Geometric calibration was performed using a knife edge in the focal plane of a collimator allowing to determine the line of sight of each pixel. Additionally, the keystone and MTF performance of the instrument was confirmed. A large integrating sphere was used for radiometric characterization of the instrument. This provides an on-ground baseline calibration of radiometric coefficients and response non-uniformity to be updated in orbit. Additionally, the noise performance of the instrument was validated. A polarizer was used to measure polarization sensitivity of the instrument which was found to be in excellent agreement with expectations. Finally a stray light characterization of the instrument was conducted.
The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German space borne science mission that aims to characterize the Earth’s environment on a global scale. The single payload of the satellite is the Hyperspectral Imager (HSI). It is capable of measuring the solar irradiance reflected from the Earth’s surface as a continuous spectrum in the spectral range of 420nm to 2450nm, with an average spectral sampling of 6.5nm (VNIR) and 10nm (SWIR). The EnMAP swath of 30km is sampled with 30m in along and across track direction.
In these proceedings, we first give a brief overview the instrument design. We then explain the calibration strategy, which is a combination of on-ground and in-flight calibration measures. The on-ground calibration is presented in more detail. It aims to create a complete baseline calibration of the EnMAP instrument comprising a radiometric, spectral, geometric, polarimetric and straylight characterization. In orbit, a diffuser is used for absolute radiometric calibration via sun viewing. On-board calibration light sources ensure radiometric stability in between sun-viewings and spectral stability over the mission lifetime.
Finally, we share first characterization data which are prototypical of the final instrument calibration.
The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission to monitor and characterize the Earth’s environment. The EnMAP payload, the Hyper Spectral Imager (HSI) features an on-board calibration assembly (OBCA) which is designated to provide the optical radiation to monitor the instrument radiometric and spectral stability during the mission lifetime. The assembly comprises two integrating spheres in twin configuration equipped with several different optical radiation sources. The large sphere made of white diffuse reflecting material is dedicated for radiometric stability measurements, while the small sphere, made of rare-earth doped diffuse reflecting material, is dedicated for spectral stability checks. The OBCA utilizes two types of optical radiation sources: tungsten halogen lamps and white light LEDs.
Here we report on the spectral and radiometric calibration of the OBCA qualification and flight model in the Reduced Background Calibration Facility 2 (RBCF2) of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) [1].
The demanding requirements were to perform a calibration in air and in vacuum with an uncertainty of less than 2% with a spectral resolution of 0.1 nm over a wavelength range from 400 nm to 2500 nm not exceeding an operating time of 40 h for the halogen lamps and 100 h for the LEDs. Furthermore, a precise mapping of the OBCA exit aperture of size 2 mm by 24 mm with 1 mm sampling diameter had to be performed. For that purposes PTB developed a calibration procedure based on spectral comparisons of the OBCA with respect to dedicated vacuum radiance standards with an FTS in three wavelength ranges which were covered by three beamsplitter detector combinations. A dedicated imaging optics was designed transforming the F:3 opening of the OBCA to the F:8 opening ratio of the FTS and providing also the required small sampling area.
Before and after their application, the dedicated vacuum qualified radiance standards were calibrated against the primary standards of PTB and corrected for the transition from air to vacuum and back to account for possible drifts of the sources. By this procedure a spectral and radiometric calibration of the OBCA traceable to the SI was achieved with the aspired uncertainties.
[1] C. Monte et al, The new Reduced Background Calibration Facility 2 for Detectors, Cameras and Sources at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites SPIE 2018
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