Ion Beam Sputtering systems are well established as state-of-the-art deposition tools for the coating of high quality optical thin films with high density and low losses. These coatings are used for many laser applications, with an ever-increasing demand for higher sustained fluence. Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS) is a known technique to provide such high optical quality thin films. Indeed, it allows to achieve high density layers with low absorption and scattering. In this work, various coatings were developed using Bühler IBS technology. Then, total losses were measured using Cavity Ring Down, absorption using Laser Induced Deflection or Laser thermography, and Total Integrated Scatter using dedicated scatterometers. A correlation between the effect of the chosen deposition method and parameters and the measurement performances were made with the aim of a better understanding of the level and the origin of losses in the coatings. Finally, highly reflecting mirror coatings for 1064 nm wavelength were fabricated with different designs and deposition parameters. The results of the different measurements of absorption, scattering and total losses using different equipment are presented and discussed.
Narrow bandpass filters featuring broadband blocking ranges find extensive applications in spectroscopy, imaging, illumination, distance measurements, remote sensing, space and earth observations. The interest in bandpass filters with low angular shift is permanently growing; but as narrow filter width and large angular fields are inherently conflicting requirements, researchers explore various approaches to reduce this shift. We develop immersed bandpass filters exhibiting (i) a narrow high transmittance range at 825-875 nm, (ii) blocking ranges at 200-780 nm and 900-1100 nm, and (iii) low blue shift for angles of incidence up to 25°. However, the design solution should also allow for the possibility of shifting the transmission range further into the visible or near-infrared regions. Due to the immersed nature of the filter, it is difficult to effectively address such a complex task using two materials only; at least three materials should compose the coating. To provide an ultra-broadband blocking range, absorbing thin film materials should be involved. At the same time, these materials should be transparent outside of this range to maintain the high transmittance. Therefore, in the design process, a balanced compromise should be found. Not all theoretical solutions or/and materials combinations can be realized due to limitations of the production tools. The monitoring concept as well as design robustness should be considered; the number of layers cannot be very high. Double-sided optical elements composed as front side filter and back side blocker hold promise in this regard. The solutions are oriented at Ion Beam Sputtering deposition technique, not equipped with load lock solution.
In many laser applications, there is a higher and higher demand for more efficient coatings with reduced losses, in terms of absorption and scattering as those are contributing factors to diverse laser damage regimes. Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS) is a known technique to provide such high optical quality thin films. Indeed, it allows to achieve high density layers with low absorption and scattering. In this work, various coatings were developed using Bühler IBS technology. Then, total losses were measured using Cavity Ring Down, absorption using Laser Induced Deflection or Laser thermography, and Total Integrated Scatter using dedicated scatterometers. A correlation between the effect of the chosen deposition method and parameters and the measurement performances were made with the aim of a better understanding of the level and the origin of losses in the coatings. Finally, highly reflecting mirror coatings for 1064 nm wavelength were fabricated with different designs and deposition parameters. The results of the different measurements of absorption, scattering and total losses using different equipment are presented and discussed.
Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) is the preferred material for the termination layer in optical interference coatings using infrared (IR) materials since it enhances the environmental stability of the otherwise typically soft substrate and coating materials used in IR. In the state of the art processes, the coating with the infrared materials is deposited in a box coater, then the substrates are transferred and loaded into a separate deposition machine where the DLC layer is then deposited. In the novel box coater presented in this article, the DLC and IR (or dielectric) processes can be run consecutively in the same machine. We will discuss the implementation of the DLC process, then we show how the DLC process was optimized using in-situ stress and broadband optical measurements as well as ex-situ characterization of the adhesion, hardness and abrasion. The resulting single layer DLC films have perfect adhesion to silicon, germanium, glass and antireflection coatings. Furthermore, they are hard and scratch resistant, pass the wiper test and are virtually absorption-free in the 3-5μm and 8-12μm wavelength ranges. We will show the results for adhesion, abrasion and spectral performance of a wideband antireflection coating for 3-5μm including a DLC termination layer.
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