Shocks produced by laser plasma can generate strong (GPa range) and short (ns range) stresses in materials. By playing on their propagations, it can sollicitate structural assembly interfaces for example. This issue is important since it concerns the detection of weakbond. Since several years, we have been interested in the development of this technique by addressing all technical and scientific issues. This presentation will share the latest scientific and technical advances concluded by demonstrations on representative parts. It will also discuss futures issues that remain to be developed to reach maturity for the industrialization of the process.
Composite materials are commonly used in many branches of industry. One of the effective methods to join CFRP parts is the adhesive bonding. There is a search of effective methods for quality assurance of bonded parts. There is a need for pre- and post-bond inspection to ensure proper bonding and verify its quality. Research reported here focuses on post-bond inspection of bonded CFRP parts. In this paper we report investigations of samples that were modified with contamination that can be encountered during the manufacturing process of the CFRP parts. The contaminations were introduced before adhesive bonding, and the effect of the contamination on the quality bond is studied. First of the investigated cases was release agent contamination prepared by dip-coating of clean CFRP plates. The release agent is used during the production of composite elements and can contaminate the surface to be bonded. The second case was the moisture contamination. It was obtained by conditioning of the samples in humid conditions. Moisture contamination can be gained from water-coupled ultrasonics or during transportation of unprotected parts. The third type of contamination had more local character. It simulated fingerprints. Artificial sweat was used. The fingerprint contamination can be caused by improper handling of the parts. Apart from single contamination, also mixed contamination cases were studied, as well as curved samples. The samples were studied in non-destructive approach. It was shown that for some of the cases the detection is possible.
Composite materials are commonly used in many branches of industry. One of the effective methods to join CFRP parts is to use adhesives. There is a search of effective methods for quality assurance of bonded parts. There is a need for pre- and post-bond inspection to ensure proper bonding and verify its quality. Research reported here focuses on post-bond inspection of bonded CFRP parts. In this paper we report investigations of samples that were modified in order to simulate the conditions that can be encountered during the bonding repair processes. The modifications were made before adhesive bonding, and their effect on the quality of the bond is studied. The first case was the thermal treatment. It was made by exposure of samples to elevated temperatures. This case accounts for parts that may be exposed to external heat source or lightening impact. Second of the investigated cases was deicing fluid contamination prepared by dip-coating of clean CFRP plates. When cleaning the aircraft for a repair this fluid can be transported to bonding areas and weaken the joint. The third type of modification was faulty curing of the adhesive. It was prepared by local pre-curing of the adhesive. Pre-curing causes irregularities in the curing of the adhesive joint. Apart from single modifications, also mixed cases were studied, as well as scarf bonding. The samples were studied in non-destructive approach. It was shown that for some of the cases the detection is possible.
Composite materials are commonly used in many branches of industry. One method to join or repair CFRP parts is by the use adhesive bonding. There is a search of effective methods for pre-bond assessment of bonded parts and post-bond inspection. Research reported here focuses on post-bond inspection of bonded CFRP plates. In this paper we reported results of two methods. We used noncontact ultrasonic testing (UT) technique as reference method. Ultrasonic testing was made in an immersion tank using phased-array probes. The second method was the electromechanical impedance (EMI). A piezoelectric sensors were surface mounted on each of the samples. Due to piezoelectric effect the electrical response of the sensor is related to mechanical response of the structure to which the sensors is bonded to. Measurements were conducted using HIOKI Impedance Analyzer IM3570. In order to perform a detailed study three samples of each kind were tested. There were three reference samples. The samples with modified adhesive bonds had three levels of severity, so there were three samples with each level of modification. The ultrasonic testing was focused on C-scan analysis taking into consideration the amplitude and time of flight (TOF). Two probes were used, one with 5 MHz frequency, second with 10 MHz. The EMI spectra were gathered up to 5 MHz and they were processed with signal processing algorithms in order to extract differences between reference samples and samples with modified bonds. The UT results provided relevant information about the investigated samples, while the EMI showed sensitivity to the level of adhesive bond modification.
Structured Light Systems (SLS) give access, without contact, to a rich measurement of a cloud of points belonging to a same object surface. SLS received much interest in the past years and became a standard technique. The aim of this talk is to present the design of such a means, working in the visible spectrum, dedicated to shock physics (implying velocities up to several km/s) and to provide an example of measurements with a 3D reconstruction. A dedicated development is necessary (laser lighting, speckle smoothing, ambient light canceling, depth of field improvement), since commonly developed SLS don’t suit this field of study, mainly for three reasons: phenomena of interest (usually lasting a few microseconds) require extremely short exposure durations (few nanoseconds to few hundreds of picoseconds); the field of view ranges from millimeter for samples shocked by high power lasers to decimeter for high-explosive setups ; and finally, experimentations have single-shot acquisitions. The main domains of study are fragmentations, surface deformations and associated damages, like micro-spalling or ejected particle clouds.
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