Carriers based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and cyanine dye are suitable for theranostic application in oncology, although care must be taken for selection of the surface coating material, UCNP surface charge, size, and dosage of the material. Investigation of influence of annealing temperature of particles on the upconversion luminescence properties and cytotoxic effect are relevant. The present work demonstrates the assessment of cytotoxicity UCNPs unannealed and annealed at 550 oC on different normal and cancer murine cell lines in vitro. The cell viability is scored for cytotoxic effects of UCNPs at dark conditions. UCNPs provide a dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on all studied cell lines which was most pronounced for the Raw264.7 cell line. It is probably caused by the high phagocytic activity of macrophages. The statistically significant differences in cell viability after 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation of cells with particles were observed just for the macrophage cell line. It is also worth noting that annealed particles are less toxic than unannealed ones.
The present work demonstrates the assessment of cytotoxicity upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) coated by SiO2 on different normal and cancer murine cell lines in vitro. The cell viability is scored for cytotoxic effects of UCNPs at dark conditions. UCNPs coated by silica shells provide a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on all studied cell lines which was most pronounced for the Raw264.7 cell line. It is probably caused by the high phagocytic activity of macrophages. The less sensitive cell line was 4T1. The statistically significant differences in cell viability after 24 and 48 h of incubation of cells with particles were observed just for the macrophage cell line. It is worth notifying that after 48 h of incubation the cytotoxic effect on Raw 264.7 cell line increased which shows a possible negative effect on some subpopulations on blood cells. The obtained results confirm a high sensitivity of the UCNPs to the concentration variations within cells. Carriers based on UCNPs and dyes are promising alternatives to photosensitizer for traditional photodynamic therapy and possess prominent potentials in biological and clinical applications.
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