Various ground-based and space-based future telescope technologies are currently being conceptualized, designed, prototyped and tested to perform next generation astronomical sciences. They include (1) the alignment of segmented multi-order diffractive elements for the Nautilus space observatory; (2) the inflatable terahertz OASIS space telescope primary mirror characterization metrology; (3) active alignment of the laser truss-based Large Binocular Telescope prime focus camera; (4) the modular cross-dispersion spectroscopy unit, MOBIUS, used at the prime focal plane of the Large Binocular Telescope; (5) pupil segmentation topological optimization for future high contrast imaging telescopes; and (6) the optical design of the long slit UV spectroscopy space telescope Hyperion. This suite of enabling optical technologies and concept designs will redefine how humans understand the genesis and future of our universe.
Since 2017 LBTO, in partnership with GMTO, has been developing a laser-trussed based metrology system for the active alignment of telescope main optical components to each other and to instruments. The effort has addressed needs of both organizations; LBTO with the opportunity to assess the performance of a new technological approach to telescope alignment, and the GMTO with the opportunity to prototype and field-test a system that has been identified as a crucial "missing link" in the active-optics chain between open-loop modelling and wavefront-sensing for ELT-scale telescopes. Following two years of effort the positive results so far obtained have convinced LBTO, in 2019, to commence to develop an integrated operational active-optics system based on this technological approach. A team drawn from LBTO, Steward Observatory, GMTO, the Wyant College of Optical Sciences and Mersenne Optical Consulting are currently completing the first phase of this Telescope Metrology System (TMS). This paper shall describe the system in detail and report on progress, current status, and future goals.
Large ground-based telescopes are prone to perturbations caused by environmental factors that affect the mechanical structure of the telescope that can cause collimation loss and image quality degradation. The Telescope Metrology System (TMS) is a metrology method under development at the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) and prototyped on the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) to monitor and maintain collimation and pointing. TMS measures the precise position and orientation of a telescope’s primary mirror in relation to other telescope elements. Currently, prototyping has progressed to TMS operation at prime focus between LBT’s two 8.4m primary mirrors and the Large Binocular Camera (LBC), a pair of prime focus correctors and wide-field detectors. TMS utilizes a multi-channel absolute distance measuring (ADM) interferometer to create a laser truss by determining the distance between fixed points on the primary mirror and the LBC. By performing a kinematic analysis of the ADM data, the relative position and orientation of the primary mirror and LBC can be determined. With knowledge of the position of the telescope, an optical layout model can be created using TMS data as input. This allows for iterative simulation of field aberrations and loss in image quality due to misalignment of the telescope. This will allow for collimation and pointing to be actively monitored and maintained during an observation. This paper will discuss the process of implementing TMS on LBT and the challenges that arose.
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