Here we demonstrate performance of an original lab system designed for testing of X-ray parabolic compound refractive lenses (CRL) manufactured from a high-quality single-crystalline synthetic diamond grown by the high-pressure hightemperature technique. The basic parameters of a diamond CRL comprised from 28 plano-concave lenses such as the focal length of 634 mm, transmissivity of 0.36, field of view of ~1 mm and resolution of 6 µm have been determined. Usually such measurements are performed on synchrotron radiation facilities. In this work characterization of CRL was performed by means of instruments and components that are available for laboratories such as the Rigaku 9kW rotating anode X-ray generator, the PANalytical parallel beam X-ray mirror, a 6 m long optical bench, high precision multi-axis goniometers, high resolution X-ray emulsion films, and ultra-fast high-sensitive X-ray area detector PIXel3D. Developed setup was used to find differences between experimental and design parameters, which is very important for the improvement of CRLs manufacturing technology.
A new type of a high-brilliance X-ray source known as the Thomson X-ray laser-electron generator (TXG) opens new possibilities for materials characterization by X-ray diffraction methods such as high resolution X-ray diffractometry and topography and diffraction analysis at extreme conditions in shear diamond anvil cells. The advantages of the TXG compared to X-ray laboratory sources are a high flux, a quasi-monochromatic, nearly parallel beam and a tunable wavelength. The paper presents examples of applications as well as estimations of typical photon flux and exposure time saving advantages resulted from an implementation of TXG radiation in a home laboratory.
We demonstrate parabolic single-crystal diamond compound refractive
lenses [1] designed for coherent x-ray imaging
resilient to extreme thermal and radiation loading expected from
next generation light sources. To ensure the preservation of
coherence and resilience, the lenses are manufactured from the highest-quality
single-crystalline synthetic diamond material grown by a high-pressure
high-temperature technique. Picosecond laser milling is
applied to machine lenses to parabolic shapes with a ~1-micron
precision and surface roughness. A compound refractive lens
comprised of six lenses with a radius of curvature R=200 microns at
the vertex of the parabola and a geometrical aperture A=900 microns
focuses 10~keV x-ray photons from an undulator source at the Advanced
Photon Source facility to a focal spot size of ~ 10x40 microns^2 with a gain factor of ~100.\\
[1] S. Terentyev, V. Blank, S. Polyakov, S. Zholudev, A. Snigirev, M. Polikarpov, T. Kolodziej, J. Qian,
H. Zhou, and Yu. Shvyd'ko Applied Physics Letters 107, 111108 (2015); doi: 10.1063/1.4931357
2D parabolic X-ray compound refractive lens was manufactured by laser micro-machining of a single-crystal diamond.
The lens consists of parabolic half lenses with apertures of 1 mm and parabola apex radii of 200 μm. It has been tested at
the synchrotron undulator source (ID06, ESRF) and at a laboratory setup using MetalJet X-ray tube with a liquid-gallium
jet as the anode. X-ray imaging and focusing modes were used. Unique optical and thermal properties of singlecrystalline
diamond lenses allow them to be applied as focusing, imaging and beam-conditioning elements at high-heat
flux beams of today and future X-ray sources.
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