Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique was used to generate spectral signatures of endogenous fluorophores relevant to the tissue molecular composition changes in human brain glioma tumors. The goal is to study the changes of fluorescence emission spectra from endogenous fluorophores in human brain glioma of different grades, and to find new biomarkers for prognostic optical molecular pathological diagnosis. Two hundred and thirty-seven (237) native fluorescence spectra from 61 subjects were measured using LabRAM HR Evolution micro photoluminescence (PL) system for four grades of glioma tumors in ex-vivo. The differences of four grades of glioma tumors were identified by the characteristic fluorophores fingerprints under the excitation laser wavelength at UV 325nm. To our best knowledge, this is the first report for human brain study using this technique. The fluorescence peaks of biomarkers with major contribution were found, including tryptophan, collagen, elastin, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and phospholipids that play important roles in the cellular energy metabolism and glycolysis pathway. The ratios of peak intensities and the peak positions in fluorescence spectra of may be used to diagnose human brain diseases or to guide biopsy during surgical resection.
Visible resonant Raman (VRR) spectroscopy provides an effective way to enhance Raman signal from particular
bonds associated with key molecules due to changes on molecular level. This paper reports on the VRR use for
detection of human brain the control and gliomas of three grades. From the RR spectra additional two molecular
vibrational biomarkers at 1129cm-1 and 1338cm-1, for the four types of brain tissues are significantly different in
intensity. The new RR spectral peaks can be used as molecular biomarkers to evaluate glioma grades and identify
the margin of gliomas from the controls. The metabolic process of glioma cells based on the RR spectral changes
may reveal the Warburg hypothesis.
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