Graphene has attracted much attention due to its unique optical properties as a new kind of plasmonic metamaterial in the terahertz regime. Here, we theoretically investigated a wavelength tunable plasmon induced transparency (PIT) device based on graphene metamaterials which is composed of periodically patterned graphene nanostructures. The interactions and coupling between plasmonic modes are investigated in detail by analyzing the field distributions and spectral responses. The coupled Lorentz oscillator models are used to explain the physical mechanism of the PIT. The finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method is used to investigate the tunable properties of the structure. It is shown that the coupling strength between the bright mode and dark mode is tuned by the coupling distance between the elements of the proposed structure. By varying the Fermi level of graphene, the PIT resonant frequency can be dynamically tuned. Furthermore, we demonstrate numerically that tunable slow light can be realized in our patterned graphene metamaterials.
Spectroscopy applications of free-running laser diodes (LD) are greatly restricted as its broad band spectral emission.
And the power of a single blue-violet LD is around several hundred milliwatts by far, it is of great importance to obtain
stable and narrow line-width laser diodes with high efficiency. In this paper, a high efficiency external cavity diode laser
(ECDL) with high output power and narrow band emission at 405 nm is presented. The ECDL is based on a
commercially available LD with nominal output power of 110 mW at an injection current of 100 mA. The spectral width
of the free-running LD is about 1 nm (FWHM). A reflective holographic grating which is installed on a home-made
compact adjustable stage is utilized for optical feedback in Littrow configuration. In this configuration, narrow line-width
operation is realized and the effects of grating groove density as well as the groove direction related to the beam
polarization on the performances of the ECDL are experimentally investigated. In the case of grating with groove density
of 3600 g/mm, the threshold is reduced from 21 mA to 18.3 mA or 15.6 mA and the tuning range is 3.95 nm or 6.01 nm
respectively when the grating is orientated in TE or TM polarization. In addition, an output beam with a line-width of 30
pm and output power of 92.7 mW is achieved in TE polarization. With these narrow line-width and high efficiency, the
ECDL is capable to serve as a light source for spectroscopy application such as Raman scattering and laser induced
fluorescence.
The single-filament schlieren method was based on the beam deflection in non-uniform medium. In this paper, a fourelement photodiode was used to acquire the deflection of the probing beam. The effects of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and the vibration of the blower on the output of the photodiode were investigated in detail and they have little impact on the measurements of the flowing characteristic after discharge. Then the perturbation in the discharge region was investigated. The heated gas in the discharge region can be easily detected and the gas velocity can be calculated by tracing the drift of the heated gas. This method also showed a high sensitivity and convenience to observe the acoustic waves originated from fast energy deposition. The results showed that the reflective acoustic wave existed for about 4 ms after discharge and it had a major effect on the non-uniformity of gas medium before the subsequent pulsed discharge.
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