Ms. Stacy Masterjohn Profile

Stacy Masterjohn

Program Manager at Leonardo DRS

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Publications (10)

Proceedings Article | 26 May 2016 Paper

Detectors and focal plane modules for weather instruments

A. D'Souza, E. Robinson, S. Masterjohn, V. Khalap, S. Bhargava, E. Rangel, S. Babu, D. Smith

Proceedings Volume 9854, 98540H (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2229414

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Short wave infrared radiation, Mid-IR, Long wavelength infrared, Temperature metrology, Photodiodes, Quantum efficiency, Photons, Semiconducting wafers, Simulation of CCA and DLA aggregates

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2016 Paper

Detectors and focal plane modules for weather satellites

A. D'Souza, E. Robinson, S. Masterjohn, P. Ely, V. Khalap, S. Babu, D. Smith

Proceedings Volume 9881, 988115 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2228898

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Mid-IR, Long wavelength infrared, Visible radiation, Short wave infrared radiation, Quantum efficiency, Photodiodes, Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, Silicon

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Weather satellite instruments require detectors with a variety of wavelengths ranging from the visible to VLWIR. One of the remote sensing applications is the geostationary GOES-ABI imager covering wavelengths from the 450 to 490 nm band through the 13.0 to 13.6 μm band. There are a total of 16 spectral bands covered. The Cross-track infrared Sounder (CrIS) is a Polar Orbiting interferometric sensor that measures earth radiances at high spectral resolution, using the data to provide pressure, temperature and moisture profiles of the atmosphere. The pressure, temperature and moisture sounding data are used in weather prediction models that track storms, predict levels of precipitation etc. The CrIS instrument contains SWIR (λ_c ∼ 5 μm at 98K), MWIR (λ_c ∼ 9 μm at 98K) and LWIRs (λ_c ∼ 15.5 μm at 81K) bands in three Focal Plane Array Assemblies (FPAAs).

GOES-ABI contains three focal plane modules (FPMs), (i) a visible-near infrared module consisting of three visible and three near infrared channels, (ii) a MWIR module comprised of five channels from 3.9 μm to 8.6 μm and (iii) a 9.6 μm to 13.3 μm, five-channel LWIR module. The VNIR FPM operates at 205 K, and the MWIR and LWIR FPMs operate at 60 K. Each spectral channel has a redundant array built into a single detector chip. Switching is thus permitted from the primary selected array in each channel to the redundant array, given any degradation in performance of the primary array during the course of the mission. Silicon p-i-n detectors are used for the 0.47 μm to 0.86 μm channels. The thirteen channels above 1 μm are fabricated in various compositions of Hg_1-xCd_xTe, and in this particular case using two different detector architectures. The 1.38 μm to 9.61 μm channels are all fabricated in Hg_1-xCd_xTe grown by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) using the HDVIP detector architecture. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown Hg_1-xCd_xTe material are used for the LWIR 10.35 μm to 13.3 μm channels fabricated in Double layer planar heterostructure (DLPH) detectors. This is the same architecture used for the CrIS detectors.

CrIS detectors are 850 μm diameter detectors with each FPAA consisting of nine photovoltaic detectors arranged in a 3 x 3 pattern. Each detector has an accompanying cold preamplifier. SWIR and MWIR FPAAs operate at 98 K and the LWIR FPAA at 81 K, permitting the use of passive radiators to cool the detectors. D* requirements at peak wavelength are ≥ 5.0E+10 Jones for LWIR, ≥ 9.3E+10 Jones for MWIR and ≥ 3.0E+11 Jones for SWIR. All FPAAs exceeded the D* requirements. Measured mean values for the nine photodiodes in each of the LWIR, MWIR and SWIR FPAAs are D* = 5.3 x 10¹⁰ cm-Hz^1/2/W at 14.0 μm, 1.0 x 10¹¹ cm-Hz^1/2/W at 8.0 μm and 3.1 x 10¹¹ cm-Hz^1/2/W at 4.64 μm.

Proceedings Article | 8 September 2010 Paper

WISE focal plane module lessons learned in light of success

S. Masterjohn, H. Hogue, M. Muzilla, S. Rector, R. Mattson

Proceedings Volume 7796, 77960A (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.864352

KEYWORDS: Readout integrated circuits, Sensors, Electronics, Staring arrays, Quantum efficiency, Lead, Infrared sensors, Foam, Cryogenics, Satellites

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Proceedings Article | 3 September 2008 Paper

Far-infrared detector development for space-based Earth observation

H. Hogue, M. Mlynczak, M. Abedin, S. Masterjohn, J. Huffman

Proceedings Volume 7082, 70820E (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.797078

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Silicon, Detector development, Quantum efficiency, Doping, Infrared sensors, Infrared radiation, Packaging, Semiconductors, Cryocoolers

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2008 Paper

Characterization of flight detector arrays for the wide-field infrared survey explorer

Amy Mainzer, Mark Larsen, Maryn Stapelbroek, Henry Hogue, James Garnett, Majid Zandian, Reed Mattson, Stacy Masterjohn, John Livingston, Nicole Lingner, Natali Alster, Michael Ressler, Frank Masci

Proceedings Volume 7021, 70210X (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789585

KEYWORDS: Mercury cadmium telluride, Sensors, Detector arrays, Infrared detectors, Infrared radiation, Cadmium sulfide, Beam splitters, Multiplexers, Temperature metrology, Interference (communication)

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Proceedings Article | 19 September 2007 Paper

Focal plane detectors for the WISE 12- and 23-µm bands

H. Hogue, R. Mattson, M. Stapelbroek, S. Masterjohn, M. Larsen, J. Elwell

Proceedings Volume 6660, 66600S (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.740471

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Staring arrays, Detector arrays, Infrared sensors, Electronics, Readout integrated circuits, Semiconducting wafers, Infrared radiation, Cryogenics, Quantum efficiency

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Proceedings Article | 20 January 2005 Paper

Cross-track infrared sounder FPAA performance

Stacy Masterjohn, Arvind D'Souza, Larry Dawson, Peter Dolan, Genae Jefferson, Maryn Stapelbroek, Richard Willis, Priyalal Wijewarnasuriya, Ellen Boehmer, John Ehlert, James Andrews

Proceedings Volume 5655, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.583390

KEYWORDS: Photodiodes, Long wavelength infrared, Sensors, Short wave infrared radiation, Mid-IR, Quantum efficiency, Semiconducting wafers, Infrared radiation, Photons, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 23 January 2003 Paper

Noise in large-area CrlS Hg1-xCdxTe photovoltaic detectors

Arvind D'Souza, Maryn Stapelbroek, Stacy Masterjohn, Priyalal Wijewarnasuriya, Roger DeWames, David Smith, John Ehlert

Proceedings Volume 4820, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453567

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Photovoltaic detectors, Medium wave, Amplifiers, Mid-IR, Long wavelength infrared, Sensor performance, Diodes, Diffusion, Mercury

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Proceedings Article | 23 January 2003 Paper

Cross-track infrared sounder FPAA performance

Stacy Masterjohn, Arvind D'Souza, Larry Dawson, Peter Dolan, Priyalal Wijewarnasuriya, John Ehlert

Proceedings Volume 4820, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453568

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Mid-IR, Long wavelength infrared, Short wave infrared radiation, Photons, Simulation of CCA and DLA aggregates, Infrared radiation, Amplifiers, Photovoltaics, Quantum efficiency

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Proceedings Article | 5 August 2002 Paper

1/f noise in Hg1-xCdxTe detectors

Arvind D'Souza, Maryn Stapelbroek, Stacy Masterjohn, Priyalal Wijewarnasuriya, Roger DeWames, G. Williams

Proceedings Volume 4721, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.478850

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Diffusion, Information operations, Temperature metrology, Diodes, Mercury cadmium telluride, Data modeling, Staring arrays, Infrared detectors, Photodetectors

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This paper investigates 1/f noise performance of Hg_1-xCd_xTe photovoltaic detectors when detector current is varied by changing detector area, bias, temperature and incident flux. Holding detector bias and temperature constant, measured 1/f noise current is proportional to the detector current. However for all detector areas measured, non-uniformity is observed in the noise current due to the varied quality of the detectors. Even for the λ_c=16μm , 4-μm-radius, diffusion-limited detectors at 78K held at reverse bias, the average and standard deviation in dark current is I_d=9.76+/- 1.59x10^-8A while the average and standard deviation in noise current at 1 Hz in a 1 Hz bandwidth is i_n=1.01+/- 0.63x10^-12A. For all detector areas measured at 100 mV reverse bias, the average and standard deviation in dark current to noise current ratio is α _D=i_n/I_d=1.39+/- 1.09x10^-5. Defects are presumed resident in the detectors that produce greater non- uniformity in the 1/f noise as compared to the dark current at 100 mV reverse bias. Noise was also measured as a function of temperature for two λ _c=16 micrometers detectors from 55 K to 100 K. The average and standard deviation in the noise current to dark current ratio is α_D=i_n/I_d=2.36+/- 0.83x10^-5 for the 26-micrometers -diameter detector and (alpha) _D=1.71+/- 0.69x10^-5 for the 16-micrometers -diameter detector. Dark and noise current were measured while changing the bias applied to a detector. In the diffusion-limited portion of the detector I-V curve, 1/f noise is independent of bias with α _D=i_n/I_d=1.51+/- 0.12x10^-5. When tunneling currents dominated, α_T=i_n/I_d=5.21+/- 0.83x10^-5. The 1/f noise associated with tunneling currents is a factor of three greater than the 1/f noise associated with diffusion currents. In addition, 1/f noise was measured on detectors held at -100 mV and 78 K under dark and illuminated conditions. The average noise to current ratio α_D was approximately 1.5 x 10^-5 for dark and photon-induced diffusion current. However, detector-to-detector variations exist even within a single chip. The two most important points are that non-uniformities in material/fabrication need to be addressed and that each individual type of current component has an associated 1/f noise current component, the magnitude of the relationship being different depending on the source current.

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