Prof. Steven R. Anton Profile

Prof. Steven R. Anton

Associate Professor at Tennessee Technological Univ

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Author

Publications (28)

Proceedings Article | 19 April 2022 Presentation + Paper

Toward early damage detection of total knee arthroplasty implants via convolutional neural networks

Andrew Gothard, Douglas Talbert, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 12048, 120480T (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612422

KEYWORDS: Surgery, Structural health monitoring, Machine learning, Electromagnetic coupling, Damage detection, Convolutional neural networks, Bone

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Proceedings Article | 22 April 2020 Presentation + Paper

Electromechanical impedance based structural health monitoring measuring system in the millisecond timescale

Eric Nolan, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 11381, 113812P (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2557545

KEYWORDS: Structural health monitoring, Electromagnetic coupling, LabVIEW, Transducers, Damage detection, Time metrology, Data acquisition, Signal detection, Computer programming

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 2019 Presentation + Paper

Finite element evaluation of EMI-based structural health monitoring in high frequencies

Mohsen Safaei, Eric Nolan, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 10972, 109720C (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2514336

KEYWORDS: Ferroelectric materials, 3D modeling, Structural health monitoring, Aluminum, Data modeling, Electromagnetic coupling, Algorithm development, Optimization (mathematics), Electrodes, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 2019 Presentation + Paper

Evaluation of electromechanical impedance based structural health monitoring for detection of loosening in total knee arthroplasty

Robert Ponder, R. Michael Meneghini, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 10972, 1097226 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2514053

KEYWORDS: Structural health monitoring, Cements, Transducers, Algorithm development, Failure analysis, Statistical analysis

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 2019 Presentation + Paper

Investigation of mechanical boundary conditions on impedance based structural health monitoring in a biomedical environment

Nathan Ghattas, Robert Ponder, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 10972, 1097228 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2515801

KEYWORDS: Ferroelectric materials, Electromagnetic coupling, Bone, Cements, Biomedical optics, Structural health monitoring, Metals, Transducers, Surgery, In vivo imaging

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Total Knee Arthroplasty is an extremely common procedure carried out across the United States. However, despite the extensive research and testing leading to new methods of surgery and improved implant designs, approximately 20% of patients are dissatisfied with their knee replacements. Like any system, there are multiple factors that can lead to failure. These include wear and loosening, which can be caused by a misalignment during surgery or unbalanced ligaments. In order to detect loosening, there have been several attempts to utilize passive sensors, such as piezoelectric transducers and strain gauges, installed in artificial knee replacements to detect a shift in the proper alignment of the implant. There has also been recent work reported that utilized the active electromechanical impedance (EMI) sensing method, which uses a single PZT in order to detect a change in the state of the monitored system, to monitor knee replacements. However, the study isolated the system so that there was no external force applied to the PZTs while the testing was performed. This work is intended to evaluate the reliability of the EMI method for monitoring of total knee replacements under an applied force in order to determine whether or not this method can be utilized in-vivo to evaluate if a replacement has failed before it becomes hazardous to the patient. This work utilizes a rectangular block of artificial bone, a rectangular block of a similar metallic alloy used in tibial trays, and a polyethylene block made of material similar to the polymer used in bearings in order to simulate the tibia, tibial tray, and bearing, respectively. The artificial bone and metallic alloy components are bonded together with bone cement, and a PZT transducer is bonded to the alloy component using superglue. The polymer component is placed on top of the PZT transducer. The system is tested under static load to monitor several stages of artificial damage. This work is intended to serve as a foundation for further in-vivo and intra-operative studies.

Proceedings Article | 27 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

Feasibility of force detection in 3D printed flexible material using embedded sensors

Robert Ponder, Heather Roberts, Mohsen Safaei, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 10970, 109702F (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2514051

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Piezoresistive sensors, Resistance, Resistors, Calibration, Computer aided design, Gait analysis, 3D modeling, Data modeling, Data acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 15 March 2018 Paper

Detection of compartmental forces and location of contact areas with piezoelectric transducers in total knee arthroplasty

Mohsen Safaei, Robert Ponder, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 10595, 105951Q (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2296250

KEYWORDS: Transducers, Sensors, Ferroelectric materials, Surgery, Prototyping, Signal generators, In vivo imaging, Signal processing, MATLAB, Data acquisition

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Total knee arthroplasty, as one of the most common surgeries in the United States, has been widely used to help restore the functionality of damaged knee joints. Alignment of the knee joint during surgery is an extremely important factor to achieve a successful operation. Several methods have been used to quantify the alignment and to provide surgeons with a repeatable method of surgery. However, lack of in vivo information has hindered establishment of correlation between intra- and postoperative knee conditions. In this work, the application of multiple piezoelectric transducers encapsulated inside the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene knee bearing for collecting in vivo data is suggested. The piezoelectric elements display the ability to sense and harvest energy from the joint during daily activity. As a sensor, piezoelectric transducers are designed to measure the compartmental forces as well as the location of the contact points between the femoral and tibial components of the knee implant. Initially, finite element analysis is performed to investigate the sensing performance of the system. In addition, a prototype instrumented bearing is fabricated and the performance of the system in measuring the forces and locations is investigated experimentally. In the experiments, the voltage signals generated by the piezoelectrics are obtained and processed to measure two components of force as well as two different contact points, one each on the medial and lateral compartments of the knee bearing. On the other hand, the actual force profile and the location of contact areas are recorded using the load frame’s built in load cell, and pressure-sensitive films, respectively, and compared to the measured data from the piezoelectrics. The result of FE simulation showed a maximum error of about 1.5% in force sensing and a maximum deviation of about 0.5 mm in the measured location of the contact points. The experimental results also showed that the measured force and location by the piezoelectric sensors match the actual quantities measured from load frame and pressure film fairly well.

Proceedings Article | 17 April 2017 Paper

A multiple degree of freedom model of piezoelectret foam in an updated multilayer stack configuration

Edward Tefft, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 10164, 1016404 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2260212

KEYWORDS: Foam, Energy harvesting, Performance modeling, Systems modeling, Data modeling, Polymers, Piezoelectric effects, Motion models, Electrodes, Graphene, Adhesives, Capacitance, Silicon, Amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 12 April 2017 Presentation + Paper

Determination of orthotropic mechanical properties of 3D printed parts for structural health monitoring

Bastien Poissenot-Arrigoni, Austin Scheyer, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 10168, 101681D (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2260397

KEYWORDS: Structural health monitoring, 3D printing, Fused deposition modeling, Additive manufacturing, Systems modeling, Ferroelectric materials, Manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 12 April 2017 Presentation + Paper

Impedance-based structural health monitoring of additive manufactured structures with embedded piezoelectric wafers

Austin Scheyer, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 10168, 1016827 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2260400

KEYWORDS: Structural health monitoring, Additive manufacturing, Fused deposition modeling, Smart structures, Structural sensing, Nondestructive evaluation, Electromagnetic coupling, Printing

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Embedding sensors within additive manufactured (AM) structures gives the ability to develop smart structures that are capable of monitoring the mechanical health of a system. AM provides an opportunity to embed sensors within a structure during the manufacturing process. One major limitation of AM technology is the ability to verify the geometric and material properties of fabricated structures. Over the past several years, the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method for structural health monitoring (SHM) has been proven to be an effective method for sensing damage in structurers. The EMI method utilizes the coupling between the electrical and mechanical properties of a piezoelectric transducer to detect a change in the dynamic response of a structure. A piezoelectric device, usually a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic wafer, is bonded to a structure and the electrical impedance is measured across as range of frequencies. A change in the electrical impedance is directly correlated to changes made to the mechanical condition of the structure. In this work, the EMI method is employed on piezoelectric transducers embedded inside AM parts to evaluate the feasibility of performing SHM on parts fabricated using additive manufacturing. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) method is used to print specimens for this feasibility study. The specimens are printed from polylactic acid (PLA) in the shape of a beam with an embedded monolithic piezoelectric ceramic disc. The specimen is mounted as a cantilever while impedance measurements are taken using an HP 4194A impedance analyzer. Both destructive and nondestructive damage is simulated in the specimens by adding an end mass and drilling a hole near the free end of the cantilever, respectively. The Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) method is utilized as a metric for quantifying damage to the system. In an effort to determine a threshold for RMSD, the values are calculated for the variation associated with taking multiple measurements and with re-clamping the cantilever, and determined to be 0.154, and 3.125 respectively. The RMSD value of the cantilever with a 400 g end mass is 11.39, and the RMSD value of the cantilever with a 4 mm hole near the end is 12.15. From these results, it can be determined that the damaged cases have much higher RMSD values than the RMSD values associated with measurements and set up variability of the healthy structure.

Proceedings Article | 10 April 2017 Presentation + Paper

Analytical and finite element performance evaluation of embedded piezoelectric sensors in polyethylene

Mohsen Safaei, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 10172, 101720I (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2260347

KEYWORDS: Transducers, Sensors, Structural health monitoring, Error analysis, Systems modeling, Smart materials, Biopolymers, Data acquisition, Embedded systems, Ferroelectric materials, Dielectrics, Numerical analysis, Finite element methods, Electroluminescence

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A common application of piezoelectric transducers is to obtain operational data from working structures and dynamic components. Collected data can then be used to evaluate dynamic characterization of the system, perform structural health monitoring, or implement various other assessments. In some applications, piezoelectric transducers are bonded inside the host structure to satisfy system requirements; for example, piezoelectric transducers can be embedded inside the biopolymers of total joint replacements to evaluate the functionality of the artificial joint. The interactions between the piezoelectric device (inhomogeneity) and the surrounding polymer matrix determine the mechanical behavior of the matrix and the electromechanical behavior of the sensor. In this work, an analytical approach is employed to evaluate the electromechanical performance of 2-D plane strain piezoelectric elements of both circular and rectangular-shape inhomogeneities. These piezoelectric elements are embedded inside medical grade ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene, a material commonly used for bearing surfaces of joint replacements, such as total knee replacements (TKRs). Using the famous Eshelby inhomogeneity solution, the stress and electric field inside the circular (elliptical) inhomogeneity is obtained by decoupling the solution into purely elastic and dielectric systems of equations. For rectangular (non-elliptical) inhomogeneities, an approximation method based on the boundary integral function is utilized and the same decoupling method is employed. In order to validate the analytical result, a finite element analysis is performed for both the circular and rectangular inhomogeneities and the error for each case is calculated. For elliptical geometry, the error is less than 1% for stress and electric fields inside and outside the piezoelectric inhomogeneity, whereas, the error for non-elliptical geometry is obtained as 11% and 7% for stress and electric field inside the inhomogeneity, respectively.

Proceedings Article | 5 April 2017 Presentation + Paper

Design, analysis, and fabrication of a piezoelectric force plate

Elias Hoummadi, Mohsen Safaei, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 10170, 101700W (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2260381

KEYWORDS: Surgery, Finite element methods, Sensors, Data acquisition, Error analysis, Piezoresistive sensors, Biomedical engineering, Ferroelectric materials, Ceramics, 3D printing, Performance modeling, Prototyping, Capacitance, Printing

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Force plates are used to detect static and dynamic reaction forces due to presence of stationary or moving objects as well as the location of applied forces. The application of force plates in various biomechanical fields, such as gait analysis, has been widely suggested and investigated in the past. Several sensor technologies like piezoelectrics, capacitance gauges, and piezoresistive sensors are utilized to develop force plates with special characteristics. Among the technologies employed in force plate designs, piezoelectrics present the ability of providing a self-powered sensory system. Recently, it has been suggested to implement piezoelectric transducers as sensors in the tibial bearing of total knee replacement (TKR) implants in order to transform the knee bearing into a force plate with the ability to detect force and contact point location for in vivo knee load analysis. Considering this application, a simplified design of a force plate instrumented with six piezoelectric transducers is presented in this study. The force plate is modeled using a finite element (FE) model to investigate the sensing performance of the system. In order to validate the simulation, a prototype force plate is fabricated and tested under the same loading condition applied on the FE model. The results are presented in terms of measured location and amplitude of applied force measured by the piezoelectric transducers. For the FE simulation, the deviation of the measured location of the applied force from the actual location is obtained as 0.62 mm in the x-direction and 0.13 mm in the y-direction, and the error in the amplitude of the measured force is 0.03% of the applied force. On the other hand, the deviation in the measured location of the force from the experimental test is 0.53 mm in the x-direction and 0.1 mm in the y-direction, while the error in force is 3.6% of the applied force. The small quantities of error in both sensed location and amplitude of applied force obtained from the FE simulation and experimental test results demonstrates the potential of the proposed design to be utilized as the sensor in the knee bearing of TKR implants.

Proceedings Article | 15 April 2016 Paper

A multiple degree of freedom modeling approach of piezoelectret foam in a multilayer stack configuration

Edward Tefft, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 9799, 97991P (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2219451

KEYWORDS: Foam, Data modeling, Systems modeling, Electronic components, Smart materials, Adhesives, Performance modeling, Energy harvesting, Resistance, Capacitance, Motion models, Copper, Circuit switching, Instrument modeling

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Proceedings Article | 15 April 2016 Paper

The effects of dimensional parameters on sensing and energy harvesting of an embedded PZT in a total knee replacement

Mohsen Safaei, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 9799, 97992P (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2219462

KEYWORDS: Energy harvesting, Ferroelectric materials, Transducers, Sensors, Data modeling, Surgery, Systems modeling, Gait analysis, Finite element methods, In vivo imaging, Data acquisition, Magnetic sensors

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 2016 Paper

Rapid evaluation of mechanical boundary conditions using impedance based structural health monitoring

Ryan Kettle, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 9805, 98051S (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2219409

KEYWORDS: Structural health monitoring, Dynamical systems, Environmental sensing, Aerospace engineering, Mining, Ferroelectric materials, Electromagnetic coupling, Dielectrics, Transducers, Crystals, Buildings, Analytical research, Aluminum

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Proceedings Article | 2 April 2015 Paper

Evaluation of piezoelectret foam in a multilayer stack configuration for low-level vibration energy harvesting applications

Chase Ray, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 9431, 943111 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2084237

KEYWORDS: Foam, Energy harvesting, Electrodes, Capacitors, Copper, Resistance, Data modeling, Electronic components, Capacitance, Ceramics

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Proceedings Article | 2 April 2015 Paper

Embedded piezoelectrics for sensing and energy harvesting in total knee replacement units

Brooke Wilson, Michael Meneghini, Steven Anton

Proceedings Volume 9431, 94311E (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2087441

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Surgery, Data modeling, Finite element methods, Energy harvesting, Gait analysis, In vivo imaging, Instrument modeling, Prototyping, In vitro testing

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2013 Paper

Powering embedded electronics for wind turbine monitoring using multi-source energy harvesting techniques

S. Anton, S. Taylor, E. Raby, K. Farinholt

Proceedings Volume 8690, 869007 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2010637

KEYWORDS: Capacitors, Sensors, Energy harvesting, Wind energy, Solar cells, Solar energy, Microsoft Foundation Class Library, Electronics, Sensing systems, Wind turbine technology

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2013 Paper

Multi-source energy harvesting for wireless SHM systems

Mijin Choi, Kevin Farinholt, Steven Anton, Jung-Ryul Lee, Gyuhae Park

Proceedings Volume 8690, 869008 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2011883

KEYWORDS: Energy harvesting, Capacitors, Wind energy, Electromagnetism, Structural health monitoring, Sensors, Solar energy, Sensing systems, Energy efficiency, Magnetism

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Proceedings Article | 28 March 2012 Paper

An evaluation on low-level vibration energy harvesting using piezoelectret foam

S. Anton, K. Farinholt

Proceedings Volume 8341, 83410G (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.915432

KEYWORDS: Foam, Ferroelectric polymers, Energy harvesting, Polymers, Manufacturing, Wind energy, Amplifiers, Resistance, Ferroelectric materials, Electrodes

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2011 Paper

Performance modeling of unmanned aerial vehicles with on-board energy harvesting

Steven Anton, Daniel Inman

Proceedings Volume 7977, 79771H (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.880473

KEYWORDS: Energy harvesting, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Solar cells, Solar energy, Thin films, Composites, Sensors, Thin film devices, Systems modeling, Aerodynamics

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The concept of energy harvesting in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has received much attention in recent years. Solar powered flight of small aircraft dates back to the 1970s when the first fully solar flight of an unmanned aircraft took place. Currently, research has begun to investigate harvesting ambient vibration energy during the flight of UAVs. The authors have recently developed multifunctional piezoelectric self-charging structures in which piezoelectric devices are combined with thin-film lithium batteries and a substrate layer in order to simultaneously harvest energy, store energy, and carry structural load. When integrated into mass and volume critical applications, such as unmanned aircraft, multifunctional devices can provide great benefit over conventional harvesting systems. A critical aspect of integrating any energy harvesting system into a UAV, however, is the potential effect that the additional system has on the performance of the aircraft. Added mass and increased drag can significantly degrade the flight performance of an aircraft, therefore, it is important to ensure that the addition of an energy harvesting system does not adversely affect the efficiency of a host aircraft. In this work, a system level approach is taken to examine the effects of adding both solar and piezoelectric vibration harvesting to a UAV test platform. A formulation recently presented in the literature is applied to describe the changes to the flight endurance of a UAV based on the power available from added harvesters and the mass of the harvesters. Details of the derivation of the flight endurance model are reviewed and the formulation is applied to an EasyGlider remote control foam hobbyist airplane, which is selected as the test platform for this study. A theoretical study is performed in which the normalized change in flight endurance is calculated based on the addition of flexible thin-film solar panels to the upper surface of the wings, as well as the addition of flexible piezoelectric patches to the root of the wing spar. Experimental testing is also performed in which the wing spar of the EasyGlider aircraft is modified to include both Macro Fiber Composite and Piezoelectric Fiber Composite piezoelectric patches near the root of the wing and two thin-film solar panels are installed onto the upper wing surface to harvest vibration and solar energy during flight. Testing is performed in which the power output of the various harvesters is measured during flight. Results of the flight testing are used to update the model with accurate measures of the power available from the energy harvesting systems. Finally, the model is used to predict the potential benefits of adding multifunctional self-charging structures to the wing spar of the aircraft in order to harvest vibration energy during flight and provide a local power source for low-power sensors.

Proceedings Article | 12 April 2010 Paper

Strength analysis of piezoceramic materials for structural considerations in energy harvesting for UAVs

S. Anton, A. Erturk, D. Inman

Proceedings Volume 7643, 76430E (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.847798

KEYWORDS: Energy harvesting, Ceramics, Electrodes, Ferroelectric materials, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Crystals, Manufacturing, Wind energy, Thin films, Composites

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Proceedings Article | 9 April 2010 Paper

Autonomous self-powered structural health monitoring system

Xinlin Qing, Steven Anton, David Zhang, Amrita Kumar, Daniel Inman, Teng Ooi

Proceedings Volume 7650, 765011 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.847171

KEYWORDS: Structural health monitoring, Solar cells, Sensors, Energy harvesting, Phase modulation, Diagnostics, Composites, Computing systems, Sensor networks, Amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 7 April 2009 Paper

Piezoelectric energy harvesting from multifunctional wing spars for UAVs: Part 1. Coupled modeling and preliminary analysis

A. Erturk, S. Anton, D. Inman

Proceedings Volume 7288, 72880C (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.815775

KEYWORDS: Resistance, Aluminum, Epoxies, Safety, Energy harvesting, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Thin films, Chromium, Electromechanical design, Solar energy

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Proceedings Article | 7 April 2009 Paper

Piezoelectric energy harvesting from multifunctional wing spars for UAVs: Part 2. Experiments and storage applications

S. Anton, A. Erturk, D. Inman

Proceedings Volume 7288, 72880D (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.815799

KEYWORDS: Energy harvesting, Thin films, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Electrodes, Epoxies, Thin film devices, Composites, Resistance, Micro unmanned aerial vehicles, Lithium

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Proceedings Article | 18 April 2008 Paper

Vibration energy harvesting for unmanned aerial vehicles

Steven Anton, Daniel Inman

Proceedings Volume 6928, 692824 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774990

KEYWORDS: Unmanned aerial vehicles, Solar energy, Solar cells, Energy harvesting, Capacitors, Photovoltaics, Data acquisition, Microsoft Foundation Class Library, Foam, Photography

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Proceedings Article | 19 March 2008 Paper

Motorcycle waste heat energy harvesting

Alexander Schlichting, Steven Anton, Daniel Inman

Proceedings Volume 6930, 69300B (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.775783

KEYWORDS: Thermoelectric materials, Energy harvesting, Data modeling, Mathematical modeling, Resistance, Bismuth, Resistors, Intelligence systems, Bioalcohols, Metals

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Proceedings Article | 11 April 2007 Paper

On piezoelectric Lamb wave-based structural health monitoring using instantaneous baseline measurements

Steven Anton, Gyuhae Park, Charles Farrar, Daniel Inman

Proceedings Volume 6532, 65320B (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.715854

KEYWORDS: Corrosion, Sensors, Structural health monitoring, Ferroelectric materials, Aluminum, Diagnostics, Data analysis, Wave propagation, Damage detection, Actuators

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Showing 5 of 28 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (19)

Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems XVIII

25 March 2024 | Long Beach, California, United States

NDE 4.0, Predictive Maintenance, Communication, and Energy Systems: The Digital Transformation of NDE

14 March 2023 | Long Beach, California, United States

Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems XVII

13 March 2023 | Long Beach, California, United States

NDE 4.0, Predictive Maintenance, and Communication and Energy Systems in a Globally Networked World

8 March 2022 | Long Beach, California, United States

Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems XVI

7 March 2022 | Long Beach, California, United States

Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems XV

8 March 2021 | Online Only, California, United States

NDE 4.0 and Smart Structures for Industry, Smart Cities, Communication, and Energy

8 March 2021 | Online Only, California, United States

Smart Structures and NDE for Industry 4.0, Smart Cities, and Energy Systems

27 April 2020 | Online Only, California, United States

Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems XIV

27 April 2020 | Online Only, California, United States

Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems XIII

4 March 2019 | Denver, Colorado, United States

Smart Structures and NDE for Energy Systems and Industry 4.0

4 March 2019 | Denver, Colorado, United States

Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems XII

5 March 2018 | Denver, Colorado, United States

Smart Structures and NDE for Industry 4.0

5 March 2018 | Denver, Colorado, United States

Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems XI

26 March 2017 | Portland, Oregon, United States

Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies XI

26 March 2017 | Portland, Oregon, United States

Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems X

21 March 2016 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States

Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies X

21 March 2016 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States

Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies IX

9 March 2015 | San Diego, California, United States

Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies VIII

11 March 2014 | San Diego, California, United States

Showing 5 of 19 Conference Committees

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