KEYWORDS: Digital watermarking, Distortion, Image restoration, Data centers, Information security, Security technologies, Information technology, Video, Target designation, Visualization
Reversible watermarking can embed data into the cover image and extract data from stego image, where the original
cover image can be recovered perfectly after the extraction of data. Difference expansion (DE) and prediction error
expansion (PEE) are two popular reversible watermarking methods. DE has the advantage of small distortion while PEE
has the advantage of large embedding capacity and smaller prediction error compared with pixel difference. In this paper,
we proposed a novel method that combines the advantages of DE and PEE, where the difference calculated between two
pixels is combined with the edge information near this pixel pair. The proposed difference calculation can produce
smaller pixel difference compared with the original simple pixel difference calculation. Overlapping embedding is then
used to increase the embedding capacity. Our proposed method gives excellent results which is shown by several
experiments.
KEYWORDS: Distortion, Digital watermarking, Medical imaging, Feature extraction, Information security, Security technologies, Information technology, Data hiding, Visualization, Image processing
Reversible watermarking is used to hide information in images for medical and military uses. Reversible
watermarking in images using distortion compensation proposed by Vasily et al [5] embeds each pixel twice such
that distortion caused by the first embedding is reduced or removed by the distortion introduced by the second
embedding. In their paper, because it is not applied in its most basic form, it is not clear whether improving it can
achieve better results than the existing state of the art techniques. In this paper we first provide a novel basic
distortion compensation technique that uses same prediction method as Tian’s [2] difference expansion method (DE),
in order to measure the effect of the distortion compensation more accurately. In the second part, we will analyze
what kind of improvements can be made in distortion compensation.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.