In this work, we show that it is possible to identify combinations of materials which provide the greatest potential as tandem junctions, and to identify specific combinations of materials and film thicknesses which lead to optimal performance. Using this approach, we have investigated a series of wide-band gap, high open circuit voltage (VOC) photovoltaic polymers as front cells in tandem devices. Using the techniques we have developed, we match these polymers with complimentary low-band gap polymers and rapidly optimize tandem devices. In this way, we have been able to demonstrate tandem devices with PCE of up to 12.8% with a minimal consumption of valuable photoactive materials in tandem device optimization.
We report the synthesis of composite interlayers by using alcohol-soluble polyfluorene-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (ASP-wrapped SWNTs) and their application to the electron transport layer in efficient organic solar cells. The ASP enable the individual dispersion of SWNTs in solution. Impressively, ASP-wrapped SWNTs solutions are stable for 54 days, indicating very high dispersion stability. Using the ASP-wrapped SWNTs as a cathode interlayer on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), 9.45% of power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be obtained in PTB7-th:PC71BM-based organic solar cells, which is mainly attributed to the improvement of the short circuit current. Performance enhancements of 18% and 17% were achieved compared to those of pure ZnO NPs and ASP on ZnO NPs, respectively. The improvement of solar cell performance originates from an increased internal quantum efficiency, balanced mobility between electrons and holes, and minimization of charge recombination.
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