We acquired polarized reflectance images and Mueller matrix of fresh bovine skeletal muscle. Using
polarization-dependent Monte Carlo simulations based on a sphere-cylinder scattering model, we are able to reproduce
the characteristic features in the experiment results. We also simulate the changes of reflectance profile during stretching
and rigor process, which are regarded as the changes of cylinders' diameter and the cylinder-sphere ratio in our model.
The good agreement between simulations and experiments indicates that the unique pattern of polarized reflectance of
skeletal muscles can also be due to scattering of well aligned fibrous myofibrils rather than coherent diffraction on the
sarcomeres. It provides another angle to understand the interaction between photons and skeletal muscle and a proper
model which characterizes the microstructure of the skeletal muscle. In addition, we give a parameter K calculated from
the M12 element of Mueller matrix. The K-value is sensitive to different parameters in sphere-cylinder scattering model,
therefore it is expected to use for monitoring the states of the skeletal muscle.
Most biological tissues are anisotropic turbid media containing fibrous structures,
such as collagen fibers, axons, or myofibrils. Tests using both unpolarized and
polarized lights indicate that the anisotropic tissues can be approximated to a
scattering medium containing cylindrical and spherical scatterers. Mueller matrix, as a
representative measurement to examine polarization properties, can be used to analyze
some important information of turbid media. In this paper, we measure the two
dimensional backscattering Mueller matrix of a microsphere-silk phantom composed
of a slab of well aligned silk fibers submerged in microsphere solution. We also use a
polarization sensitive Monte Carlo simulation program to analyze the Mueller matrix
of sphere-cylinder scattering media, such as the microsphere-silk sample. We present
systematic analysis about the relationship between the characteristic features in all the
Mueller matrix elements and the important parameters of the sphere-cylinder
scattering medium approximating biological tissues, such as the sphere-cylinder ratio,
direction of the cylinders, diameters of both types of scatterers, etc. These
experimental and simulation results confirm the practicability of backscattered
Mueller matrix characterizing such anisotropic scattering media like biological
tissues.
A novel rotating linear polarization imaging technique is developed to characterize the anisotropic properties of tissues. Differences of orthogonal linear polarization with different incident and detection polarization angles are fitted to an analytical function to retrieve a set of parameters. Experiments with different tissues and Monte Carlo simulations indicate that two of the parameters, G and φ3/2, are correlated to the anisotropic property and the orientation angle of the fibrous structure in the media. The technique can be used for clinical diagnosis.
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