Dr. Tim Axelrod Profile

Dr. Tim Axelrod

Physicist at Vera C. Rubin Observatory

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (19)

Proceedings Article | 18 August 2016 Paper

Paper

Using model based systems engineering for the development of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope's operational plan

Brian Selvy, Charles Claver, Beth Willman, Don Petravick, Margaret Johnson, Kevin Reil, Stuart Marshall, Sandrine Thomas, Paul Lotz, German Schumacher, Kian-Tat Lim, Tim Jenness, Suzanne Jacoby, Ben Emmons, Tim Axelrod

Proceedings Volume 9911, 99110D (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233904

KEYWORDS: Systems modeling, Systems engineering, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Observatories, Connectors, Data processing, Data archive systems, Astronomy, Camera shutters, Information technology

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We† provide an overview of the Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) language, tool, and methodology being used in our development of the Operational Plan for Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) operations. LSST’s Systems Engineering (SE) team is using a model-based approach to operational plan development to: 1) capture the topdown stakeholders’ needs and functional allocations defining the scope, required tasks, and personnel needed for operations, and 2) capture the bottom-up operations and maintenance activities required to conduct the LSST survey across its distributed operations sites for the full ten year survey duration. To accomplish these complimentary goals and ensure that they result in self-consistent results, we have developed a holistic approach using the Sparx Enterprise Architect modeling tool and Systems Modeling Language (SysML). This approach utilizes SysML Use Cases, Actors, associated relationships, and Activity Diagrams to document and refine all of the major operations and maintenance activities that will be required to successfully operate the observatory and meet stakeholder expectations. We have developed several customized extensions of the SysML language including the creation of a custom stereotyped Use Case element with unique tagged values, as well as unique association connectors and Actor stereotypes. We demonstrate this customized MBSE methodology enables us to define: 1) the rolls each human Actor must take on to successfully carry out the activities associated with the Use Cases; 2) the skills each Actor must possess; 3) the functional allocation of all required stakeholder activities and Use Cases to organizational entities tasked with carrying them out; and 4) the organization structure required to successfully execute the operational survey. Our approach allows for continual refinement utilizing the systems engineering spiral method to expose finer levels of detail as necessary. For example, the bottom-up, Use Case-driven approach will be deployed in the future to develop the detailed work procedures required to successfully execute each operational activity.

Proceedings Article | 18 July 2016 Paper

Paper

ANTARES: progress towards building a 'broker' of time-domain alerts

Abhijit Saha, Zhe Wang, Thomas Matheson, Gautham Narayan, Richard Snodgrass, John Kececioglu, Carlos Scheidegger, Tim Axelrod, Tim Jenness, Stephen Ridgway, Robert Seaman, Clark Taylor, Jackson Toeniskoetter, Eric Welch, Shuo Yang, Tayeb Zaidi

Proceedings Volume 9910, 99100F (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232095

KEYWORDS: Prototyping, Telescopes, Imaging systems, Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, Image quality, Stars, Gamma radiation, Electronics, Scanning probe microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2014 Paper

Paper

ANTARES: a prototype transient broker system

Abhijit Saha, Thomas Matheson, Richard Snodgrass, John Kececioglu, Gautham Narayan, Robert Seaman, Tim Jenness, Tim Axelrod

Proceedings Volume 9149, 914908 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056988

KEYWORDS: Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Astronomy, Prototyping, Data modeling, Process modeling, Observatories, Electromagnetism, Telescopes, Galactic astronomy, Algorithm development

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2014 Paper

Paper

Calibration systems for LSST

Jacques Sebag, William Gressler, Ming Liang, Tim Axelrod, Chuck Claver, John Andrew

Proceedings Volume 9145, 91453L (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055232

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Telescopes, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Cameras, Space telescopes, Optical filters, Projection systems, Mirrors, Spectrographs, Photodiodes

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Proceedings Article | 30 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Solving the global photometric self-calibration problem in LSST

R. Lynne Jones, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Zeljko Ivezic, Timothy Axelrod, James Bartlett, David Burke, David Cinabro, Michel Créze, Bogdan Popescu, Abhijit Saha

Proceedings Volume 7737, 77371F (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857743

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Stars, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Computer simulations, Photons, Telescopes, Atmospheric modeling, Imaging systems, Clouds, Charge-coupled devices

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Proceedings Article | 30 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Simulation of autonomous observing with a ground-based telescope: the LSST experience

Stephen Ridgway, Kem Cook, Michelle Miller, Catherine Petry, Srinivasan Chandrasekharan, Abhijit Saha, Robyn Allsman, Timothy Axelrod, Charles Claver, Francisco Delgado, Zeljko Ivezic, R. Lynne Jones, Simon Krughoff, Francesco Pierfederici, Phillip Pinto

Proceedings Volume 7737, 77370Z (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857734

KEYWORDS: Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Telescopes, Device simulation, Observatories, Data acquisition, Motion measurement, Astronomy, Optical instrument design, Cameras, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 30 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Calibration of the LSST instrumental and atmospheric photometric passbands

David Burke, T. Axelrod, Aurélien Barrau, Sylvain Baumont, Stéphane Blondin, Charles Claver, Alexia Gorecki, Zeljko Ivezic, Lynne Jones, Victor Krabbendam, Ming Liang, Abhijit Saha, Allyn Smith, R. Christopher Smith, Christopher Stubbs, Christophe Vescovi, LSST Project Team

Proceedings Volume 7737, 77371D (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857236

KEYWORDS: Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Calibration, Stars, Telescopes, Cameras, Atmospheric modeling, Clouds, Atmospheric optics, Surface conduction electron emitter displays, Infrared cameras

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Proceedings Article | 30 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Transient alert operations for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

R. Christopher Smith, Robert Seaman, Jeffrey Kantor, Timothy Axelrod

Proceedings Volume 7737, 77370V (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.858322

KEYWORDS: Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Observatories, Astronomy, Solar system, Image processing, Cameras, Data centers, Telescopes, Databases, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2010 Paper

Paper

An open source application framework for astronomical imaging pipelines

T. Axelrod, J. Kantor, R. H. Lupton, F. Pierfederici

Proceedings Volume 7740, 774015 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857297

KEYWORDS: Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Image processing, C++, Astronomy, Sensors, Imaging systems, Image sensors, Data processing, Data modeling, Data archive systems

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2010 Paper

Paper

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope data management overview

J. Kantor, T. Axelrod

Proceedings Volume 7740, 77401N (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857280

KEYWORDS: Data archive systems, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Data centers, Data storage, Calibration, Data communications, Data backup, Data acquisition, Imaging systems, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Science data quality assessment for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

Richard Shaw, Deborah Levine, Timothy Axelrod, Russ Laher, Vince Mannings

Proceedings Volume 7740, 77400H (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857293

KEYWORDS: Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Data modeling, Astronomy, Calibration, Observatories, Cameras, Data processing, Telescopes, Image quality, Point spread functions

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Proceedings Article | 23 June 2006 Paper

Paper

Calibrations of LSST camera and telescope systems

David Burke, Tim Axelrod, Chuck Claver, James Frank, John Geary, Kirk Gilmore, Zeljko Ivezic, Victor Krabbendam, David Monet, Paul O'Connor, John Oliver, Ed Olszewski, Philip Pinto, Abhijit Saha, Chris Smith, Christopher Stubbs, Peter Takacs, Anthony Tyson

Proceedings Volume 6267, 626715 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.673271

KEYWORDS: Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Calibration, Telescopes, Cameras, Sensors, Stars, Imaging systems, Electronics, Photometry, Atmospheric optics

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Proceedings Article | 28 September 2004 Paper

Paper

Project status of the 8.4-m LSST

Charles Claver, Donald Sweeney, John Tyson, Bryan Althouse, Timothy Axelrod, Kem Cook, Larry Daggert, Jeffrey Kantor, Steven Kahn, Victor Krabbendam, Philip Pinto, Jacques Sebag, C. Stubbs, Sidney Wolff

Proceedings Volume 5489, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.561728

KEYWORDS: Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Telescopes, Cameras, Mirrors, Optical instrument design, Imaging systems, Astronomy, Solar system, Optical filters, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 3 July 1998 Paper

Paper

MACHO data pipeline

Timothy Axelrod, R. Allsman, Peter Quinn, Charles Alcock, D. Alves, A. Becker, D. Bennett, Kenneth Cook, A. Drake, K. Freeman, Kim Griest, M. Lehner, Stuart Marshall, D. Minniti, Bruce Peterson, Mark Pratt, Alex Rodgers, Christopher Stubbs, W. Sutherland, Austin Tomaney, T. Vandehei, D. Welch

Proceedings Volume 3349, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.316482

KEYWORDS: Databases, Photometry, Telescopes, Stars, Charge-coupled devices, Computing systems, Cameras, Telecommunications, C++, Data processing

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 November 1993

Comparison of three different methods for target detection and tracking

Frank Eeckman, Michael Colvin, Timothy Axelrod

OE, Vol. 32, Issue 11, (November 1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.148096

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Receptors, Detection and tracking algorithms, Signal to noise ratio, Retina, Motion models, Performance modeling, Telescopes, Sensors, Satellites

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 1993 Paper

Paper

32-megapixel dual-color CCD imaging system

Christopher Stubbs, Stuart Marshall, Kenneth Cook, Robert Hills, Joseph Noonan, Carl Akerlof, Charles Alcock, Timothy Axelrod, D. Bennett, K. Dagley, K. Freeman, Kim Griest, Hye-Sook Park, Saul Perlmutter, Bruce Peterson, Peter Quinn, Alex Rodgers, C. Sosin, W. Sutherland

Proceedings Volume 1900, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.148597

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Imaging systems, Telescopes, Field effect transistors, Stars, Optical amplifiers, Cameras, Connectors, Observatories, Analog electronics

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Proceedings Article | 1 December 1991 Paper

Paper

Stray-light reduction in a WFOV star tracker lens

Isabella Lewis, Arno Ledebuhr, Timothy Axelrod, Scott Ruddell

Proceedings Volume 1530, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.50520

KEYWORDS: Stray light, Stars, Light scattering, Scattering, Scatter measurement, Optical testing, Sensors, Interference (communication), Sun, Light

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 1991 Paper

Paper

Analog retina model for detecting moving objects against a moving background

Robert Searfus, Frank Eeckman, Michael Colvin, Timothy Axelrod

Proceedings Volume 1473, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.45553

KEYWORDS: Retina, Analog electronics, Image enhancement, Image processing, Signal detection, Motion models, Computer simulations, Data modeling, Photodetectors, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 1991 Paper

Paper

Wide-field-of-view star tracker camera

Isabella Lewis, Arno Ledebuhr, Timothy Axelrod, Joseph Kordas, Robert Hills

Proceedings Volume 1478, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.45617

KEYWORDS: Stars, Cameras, Sensors, Navigation systems, Prototyping, CCD image sensors, Image sensors, Fiber optics, Detection and tracking algorithms, CCD cameras

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Showing 5 of 19 publications

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