The widespread availability of global navigation satellite signals has become so obvious that it is difficult to imagine their absence. However, under conditions of severe intentional interference, these signals can be degraded (spoofing) or blocked (jamming). It becomes necessary to search for solutions that allow to create your own location system operating in the local coordinate system. The ultrawideband modules that measure distances (that are on the institute's equipment) can be used for this purpose. Therefore, an attempt was made to analyze algorithms based on the measurement of this parameter that allow the location and tracking of the air objects (drone) in 3D space. Although the use of radio waves is also assumed here, the spectrum of the signal is dispersed. This allows you to avoid detecting signals and thereby avoiding interference. The adopted method also gives potential opportunities to build an indoor positioning system where satellite system signals are unavailable. Studies have been carried out for various air object trajectories in open space. They were analysed using the ordinary least squares method, the extended Kalman filter and its modification. Graphic imagery of trajectory and calculated values of traced trajectory errors for different system configurations are shown. On this basis, the implemented algorithms were evaluated.
Today’s solutions of reconnaissance and electronic warfare systems require high accuracy in determining the location of the recognized object. It also involves the need to track the trajectory of the object's movement with particular attention to maneuvers and direction changes. The article presents a tracking simulation study of a land object carried out in MATLAB environment for generated various types of trajectories. For each case, the values of root mean square and relative errors are determined. These errors, as well as the evaluation of graphical imaging, allow to assess the usefulness of implemented tracking algorithms using nonlinear Kalman’s filtration.
In the next stage, measurements were taken in real terms using a system built from four stationary ultra-wideband (UWB) modules and one mobile built-in land vehicle. The measurement data contained both the raw distance data and the locations obtained from the system tracking application. At this stage, preliminary verification of the designed tracking algorithms was carried out using raw distance data between the modules and the object to create own tracking application. The results of the above operations for different trajectories are presented in the form of appropriate graphical imagery. They confirm the possibility to track the trajectory of a land object using distance measurement from ultra-wideband modules based on the own implemented algorithms. The determination of location is made with high accuracy while improving parameters in relation to factory algorithms at the time of maneuver.
Each modern navigation or localization system designed for ground, water or air objects should provide information on the estimated parameters continuously and as accurately as possible. The implementation of such a process requires the application to operate on non-linear transformations. The defined expectations necessitate the use of nonlinear filtering elements with particular emphasis on the extended Kalman filter. The article presents the simulation research elements of this filter type in the aspect of the possibility of its practical implementation. In the initial phase of the study the conclusion was based on nonlinear one-dimensional model. The possibility of improving the precision of the output through the use of unscented Kalman filters was also analyzed.
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