According to the necessity of supporting vestibular schwannoma surgery, there is a demand to develop a convenient method of medical data visualization. The process of making choice of optimal operating access way has been uncomfortable for a surgeon so far, because there has been a necessity of analyzing two independent 3D images series (CT -bone tissues visible, MRI - soft tissues visible) in the region of ponto-cerebellar angle tumors. The authors propose a solution that will improve this process. The system used is equipped with stereoscopic helmet mounted display. It allows merged CT and MRI data representing tissues in the region of of ponto-cerebellar angle to be visualized in stereoscopic way. The process of data preparation for visualization includes: -automated segmentation algorithms, -different types of 3D images (CT, MRI) fusion. The authors focused on the development of novel algorithms for segmentation of vestibular schwannoma. It is important and difficult task due to different types of tumors and their inhomogeneous character dependent on growth models. The authors propose algorithms based on histogram spectrum and multimodal character of MRI imaging (T1 and T2 modes). However due to a variety of objects the library of algorithms with specific modifications matching to selected types of images is proposed. The applicability and functionality of the algorithms and library was proved on the series of data delivered by Warsaw Central Medical University Hospital.
Recently medical visualization systems require extensive support from stereo imaging technologies in order to increase effectiveness of recognitions of low contrast micro biological structures. Low image contrast prevents identifications of tissues and in many cases is a reason of forbear from operation. In this paper authors present a system consisting of stereoscopic microscope with two image acquisition channels, data processing unit and Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) for stereoscopic visualization of operational field. Special attention is paid to the development of automatic image segmentation and low contrast areas enhancement algorithms. Algorithms proposed automatically find regions characterized by low contrast, modify intensity distribution and display enhanced stereo images in real time. The conditions of images processing and manipulation in order to assure synchronization of images transfer in both visual channels are presented. The algorithms are optimized for stereo visualization of biological micro-structures of inner ear. Some of those structures have quasi-phase nature and are almost invisible by human eye. The tests performed at the images captured during operation have been positively evaluated by surgeons. The performance of the system presented ascertained that quality of inner ear processed images guaranties safety carrying of operations not undertaken so far.
Recently surgery requires extensive support from imaging technologies in order to increase effectiveness and safety of operations. One of important tasks is to enhance visualisation of quasi-phase (transparent) 3d structures. Those structures are characterized by very low contrast. It makes differentiation of tissues in field of view very difficult. For that reason the surgeon may be extremly uncertain during operation. This problem is connected with supporting operations of inner ear during which physician has to perform cuts at specific places of quasi-transparent velums. Conventionally during such operations medical doctor views the operating field through stereoscopic microscope. In the paper we propose a 3D visualisation system based on Helmet Mounted Display. Two CCD cameras placed at the output of microscope perform acquisition of stereo pairs of images. The images are processed in real-time with the goal of enhancement of quasi-phased structures. The main task is to create algorithm that is not sensitive to changes in intensity distribution. The disadvantages of existing algorithms is their lack of adaptation to occuring reflexes and shadows in field of view. The processed images from both left and right channels are overlaid on the actual images exported and displayed at LCD's of Helmet Mounted Display. A physician observes by HMD (Helmet Mounted Display) a stereoscopic operating scene with indication of the places of special interest. The authors present the hardware ,procedures applied and initial results of inner ear structure visualisation. Several problems connected with processing of stereo-pair images are discussed.
The development of low cost shape measurement system built on base of LCD display and cheap internet webcam is presented. Design of optomechanical system is described. Measurement methods (including calibration mode) are explained.
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