We propose multimodal sensor and algorithm for automatic recognition of a food intake based on glycemic response. Embedding this sensor in a wearable device makes it possible to count number of meals at a given time and to generate personalized statistical pattern of eating habits. This pattern may have significant impact on both personal health care and big-data-driven social engineering. We use near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, bioimpedance measurements, and binary classification for non-invasive continuous glucose trend measurements and Fourier transform based time frequency analysis of glycose trends for characterization of eating patterns and prediction of digestive system abnormalities. We tested the sensor in a series of experiments with the certain type of food and achieved 45% average accuracy of a food intake recognition with the random noise level being at 25%.
Neonatal hemorrhagic stroke (NHS) is a major problem of future generation’s health due to the high rate of death and cognitive disability of newborns after NHS. The incidence of NHS in neonates cannot be predicted by standard diagnostic methods. Therefore, the identification of prognostic markers of NHS is crucial. There is evidence that stress-related alterations of cerebral blood flow (CBF) may contribute to NHS. Here, we assessed the stroke-associated CBF abnormalities for high prognosis of NHS using a new model of NHS induced by sound stress in the pre- and post-stroke state. With this aim, we used interdisciplinary methods such as a histological assay of brain tissues, laser speckle contrast imaging and Doppler coherent tomography to monitor cerebral circulation. Our results suggest that the venous stasis with such symptoms as progressive relaxation of cerebral veins, decrease the velocity of blood flow in them are prognostic markers for a risk of NHS and are an informative platform for a future study of corrections of cerebral venous circulatory disturbance related to NHS.
Particularities of interference signal shaping in white-light interferometer with uncompensated dispersive layer are discussed. We especially attended to dependence of interference pulse position on the dispersive layer properties. Phase refractive index of the layer tends to be substantially nonlinear function of wavelength within the wide emission band of ultra-low coherence thermal light source. In this case, it is the group refractive index dispersion that is beginning to exert an influence on interference signal formation. It is shown experimentally that influence consists in nonlinear dependence of interference pulse position on geometrical thickness of the dispersive layer. The results show that mismatch of the dispersive layer and compensator refractive indices in the third place can produce interference signal shift on the order of pulse width.
The adrenergic system plays an important role in regulation of central and peripheral circulation in normal state and during hemorrhage. Because the impaired gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) is the major cause of gastroduodenal lesions, including ulcer bleeding (UB), we studied the adrenergic mechanism responsible for regulation of GMBF in rats with a model of stress-induced UB (SUB) using the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). First, we examined the effect of adrenaline on GMBF in rats under normal state and during UB. In all healthy animals the submucosal adrenaline injection caused a decrease in local GMBF. During UB the submucosal injection of adrenaline was accompanied by less pronounced GMBF suppression in 30,3% rats with SUB vs. healthy ones. In 69,7% rats with SUB we observed the increase in local GMBF after submucosal injection of adrenaline. Second, we studied the sensitivity of gastric β2-adrenoreceptors and the activity of two factors which are involved in β2-adrenomediated vasorelaxation-KATP -channels and NO. The effects of submucosal injection of isoproterenol, ICI118551 and glybenclamide on GMBF as well as NO levels in gastric tissue were significantly elevated in rats with SUB vs. healthy rats. Thus, our results indicate that high activation of gastric β2-adrenoreceptors associated with the increased vascular KATP -channels activity and elevated NO production is the important adrenergic mechanism implicated in the pathogenesis of UB.
Using Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) we study stress-related intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs) in newborn rats. We investigate a masked stage of ICH development that corresponds to the first 4 h after the stress. We show that this period is characterized by significant changes in the diameter of the sagittal vein and the velocity of the cerebral venous blood flow (CVBF). We discuss diagnostic abilities of wavelet-based methods and consider an adaptive technique allowing us to reveal clearest distinctions in the dynamics of CVBF between normal and stressed newborn rats. Finally, we conclude that the venous insufficiency in newborns and a reduced response of the sagittal vein to adrenaline are related to important prognostic markers of the risk of ICH development.
Experimental setup of diffraction phase microscope (DPM) with double low-coherence lighting system is presented in the paper. Algorithm of interference picture processing and optical thickness, height, volume and mean cells volume (MCV) of RBC calculating is shown. We demonstrate results of experiments with blood smears and ability of the method to calculate 3D model of the biological cells shape. Investigation change dynamics of RBC morphology after injection glucose for diabetes by DPM is shown in the paper.
The burning issue in modern medicine is the diagnosis and treatment of various life-threatening diseases, in particular the diseases of brain. One of them is intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). It occurs especially among newborn babies and is hard-diagnosed. In order to understand the nature of the ICH, the microcirculation of blood, which serves key functions within the body, is analyzed. On this basis a series of experiments was done, in the results of which it was showed, that latent stage of ICH is characterized by decrease of venous blood outflow and the loss of sensitivity of sagittal vein to vasoconstrictor effect of adrenaline. So, stress-related changes of the cerebral venous blood flow (CVBF) can be the source of this disease. In this paper registration CVBF was made with the help of commercially available Thorlabs Swept Source OCT System, using the correlation mapping method. In this method values of correlation coefficient of several images are analyzed. In the result of the algorithm the correlation map was obtained. By the resulting map the diameter of vessels was calculated, which is necessary for examination of effects of adrenalin to the vessels and identification symptoms of ICH.
Wavelets are widely used to improve the quality of images by digital filtering of noise. In this work, application
of wavelet-filtering to OCT-images is considered. The problem of appropriate selection of the wavelet-basis is
discussed and analysis of cerebral arteries in newborn rats is performed.
Measurements of optical properties of fingernail and underlying tissues using OCT are presented. Review and
measurements of Raman spectra of tissue and phantom compounds were done. Updating of modeling algorithm for
scattering coefficient calculation on the basis of integrating sphere measurements accounting for particle size-distribution
was also done. The adequate fingernail and underlying tissue optical model at 830 nm was evaluation. Tissue phantoms
potentially suitable for calibration of Raman instrumentation for glucose sensing were designed and tested on the basis of
epoxy resin, TiO2-nanoparticles and micron-sized silica particles with the capillary net-work.
KEYWORDS: Diffusion, Optical coherence tomography, Teeth, Liquids, Tissues, Signal processing, Tissue optics, Signal attenuation, Data processing, Water
In our previous work optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been proved to be a useful tool for monitoring of
diffusion of chemical agents (water, glycerol) within human tooth dentine. Such diffusion studies are interesting for tooth
therapy (diffusion of medicinal preparations) and cosmetics (chemical whitening agents). Here we compare different
wetting schemes in which the sample is either merged in the liquid agent so that the probe beam is to pass through a layer
of liquid, or subjected to wetting through a special window from the back side. In spite of certain difference revealed, the
order of magnitude of the diffusion time constant and the permeability coefficient are shown to be the same in both
cases.
Monitoring of agent diffusion within tooth tissues is important in a wide context of tooth therapy (diffusion of medicinal preparations) and cosmetics (chemical whitening agents). We report here the results of optical coherence tomography (OCT) monitoring of diffusion of water and glycerol as clearing agents in samples of human tooth tissue. The diffusion process is analyzed by monitoring the changes in the OCT signal slope and the depth-resolved amplitude of OCT signal from a sample. Slow temporal kinetics of the mean attenuation coefficient was measured to monitor a saturable optical clearing due to the diffusion of the agent. The average permeability coefficient was estimated by dividing the measured thickness of the selected region by the time it took for the agent to diffuse through. The experimental results demonstrate that OCT can be an efficient tool in the study of agent diffusion through hard tissues.
The method of autocorrelation low coherence interferometry is proposed for diagnostics of layered media inner structure.
The possible applications of this method in technology and biomedicine are presented. In this method the low coherence
optical field is reflected from the object's structure and then analyzed using the Michelson interferometer. Since the
object is outside of the Michelson interferometer the axial position of the object is not important and thus the object can
move during the measurements. The theoretical background of this autocorrelation method for a media with discrete and
continuous optical structure modification is presented.
A new interference scheme of low-coherent interferometry was considered. This interference system does not use
a special supporting beam. An object is lighted up by optical field directly from source of light. Back-scattered
radiation is put to correlation analysis using Michelson scanning interferometer. Such unsupported interference
system has a number of advantages, e.g. conducting experiments in vivo.
A comparison of spatial sensitivity of OCT and HRT tomographs resolution was made during identification of
local inhomogeneity in presence of nanoshells and nanorods in bio-phantoms and bio-tissues. Plasmon-resonant
gold nanoparticles can be used as a new class of contrast agents in OCT diagnostics.
The theoretical part of our study was to simulate the backscattering signal related to the process of
electromagnetic wave propagation through a system of discrete scattering particles with consideration the
effects of different scattering multiplicity. By using the computer Monte Carlo simulations, we calculated
the spectra of collimated transmission, diffuse forward and back scattering for the systems of gold spherical
particles and shells.
It is well known that the spectral properties of the light source relate explicitly to the correlation properties of the source field. Thus it is possible to have an action on the correlation function of the source affecting on emission spectrum. It is shown in this paper that correlation analysis of the light source field allows to perform control of the spectral properties of the source. Availability of Michelson interferometer for investigation of the thin structure of emission spectrum of superluminescent diodes (SLD) and appreciation of the use of its in low coherence interference schemes are discussed in this work.
A new technique of Low-Coherent Interferometry (LCI) is discussed. In this method partially coherent optical field reflected from the layered medium directs one's steps into longitudinal shear scanning interferometer for autocorrelation analysis of low-coherent object field. Subject of inquiry is outside of interferometer here and reference beam is not used. Theoretical model for discrete transparent phantom and experimental results for multilayered media are presented.
One of the most complex problems of emergency surgery is the choice of surgical tactics to deal with bleeding peptic
ulcer. Endoscopic hemostasis is prescribed to patients with continuing bleedings and prerelapse syndrome. But till
nowdays the objective verification of the prerelapse condition had not been worked out. What is more there are no
objective criteria to judge the effectiveness of the carried endohemostasis. The aim of the study was to work out a new
objective diagnostic method of pre-recurrence syndrome that can be able to make prognosis for possible gastroduodenal
ulcer bleeding recurrence more precise. Laser Doppler flowmetry was the method of studies the regional perfusion. The
device used in this work was made at the Optics and Biophysics Department of Saratov State University.
Effects of spatial coherence of optical field with wide frequency and angular spectra in the Michelson interferometer are studied. Manly effects of longitudinal spatial coherence are considered. It is shown that in classical configuration of the Michelson interferometer the effects of not temporal, but spatial coherence are taken place. Experimental data of observation of spatial and temporal coherence effects in image domain behind a lens at the output of the Michelson interferometer are shown.
One of the important problems of a bleeding gastroduodenal ulcer surgery is a prognosis of the recurrent hemorrhage and
appraisal of endoscopic hemostasis quality. Endoscopic Laser Doppler Flowmetry of a mucous coat of stomach and a
duodenum was made on 34 patients for the purpose of investigation of features of microcirculation. Analogous
researches are made on 30 patients with a peptic ulcer and on 28 practically healthy people. Analysis of LDF-grams has
shown certain differences in regional microcirculations in stomach and duodenal at normal and at a pathology. Increase
of regional perfusion in periulcerose zone with its pathology disbalance can serve as a criterion for activities of an
alteration processes in gastroduodenal ulcer defining the risk of possible hemorrhage.
Features of simultaneous manifestation of longitudinal spatial coherence and temporal coherence under different viewing conditions - angular spectrum width and form, frequency spectrum width and thickness of nondispersive layer in one of the arms of the interferometer - are discussed.
The results of measurements of transmittance of high power laser irradiation through skull bones and scalp are presented. Dependences of transmittance on sample thickness were received. Character of transmittance was investigated and characteristics of heterogeneity of the scattering structure of the skull bones are proposed. Besides that, variation of temperature of skull and scalp surfaces under exposure of high power laser irradiation during experiments was controlled. Experimental results were verified by Monte-Carlo simulations.
The influence of an angular spectrum of light fields (formed by extended light sources or at sharp focusing using high numerical apertures) on the signal of a low-coherence interferometer is discussed. The reduction of amplitude of the interferometer signal at probing of layered object owing to a broad angular spectrum has been shown both experimentally and by computer modeling.
The results of measurements of transmittance of high power laser irradiation through skull bones and scalp are presented. Dependences of transmittance on sample thickness were received. Character of transmittance was investigated and characteristics of heterogeneity of the scattering structure of the skull bones are proposed. Besides that, variation of temperature of skull and scalp surfaces under exposure of high power laser irradiation during experiments was controlled. Experimental results were verified by Monte-Carlo simulations.
Chronic tonsillitis is one of the most common diseases in ENT all over the world. There are two ways of treatment-surgical tonsillectomy and conservative therapeutically treatment. But still doctors have no possibility to make objective decisions for this painful and tonsil-destructive operation. In this article we try to research how the degree of sclerosis in tonsillar tissue affects the blood flow in tonsils, by using laser Doppler flowmetry.
The phenomenon of longitudinal spatial coherence of light and conditions of manifestation of this type of coherence in
the interference experiments with Michelson interferometer are discussed. Manifestation of longitudinal spatial
coherence of light of an extended thermal source at large (in comparison with length of longitudinal spatial coherence)
and short lengths oftemporal coherence oflight has been experimentally shown.
We had investigated experimentally distribution of scattered photons in medium with defined optical properties. A method bases on the theory of diffusion wave spectroscopy (DWS), basic term of which is "photon density wave". We applied our setup for modeling of human mucous tissue.
Integrated device for laser therapy and monitoring of blood microcirculation has been developed. Influence of laser irradiation on the statement of blood microcirculation in mucous membrane of human oral cavity has been investigated. Changes of blood saturation and velocity of blood microcirculation have been studied by methods of laser photoplethysmography and Doppler diagnostics. Influence of coherent light on the intensity of microcirculation in the capillary net of mucous membrane has been demonstrated directly during the short-time session of laser therapy.
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