Dr. Walid I. Essayed Profile

Dr. Walid I. Essayed

at Brigham and Womens Hospital

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Publications (2)

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Presentation + Paper

Skull-mounted guidance device for intraoperative CT-guided DBS of neurodegenerative diseases

Ahmet Yildiz, Timothy Minicozzi, Franklin King, Fumirato Masaki, Garth Rees Cosgrove, Walid Ibn Essayed, Nobuhiko Hata

Proceedings Volume 12034, 1203405 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611426

KEYWORDS: Skull, 3D acquisition, Magnetic resonance imaging, Surgery, Statistical analysis, Computed tomography, Optical tracking

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Background: Stereotactic surgery, specifically Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), has been a well-established intervention for treating neurosurgical disorders, including essential tremor and Parkinson's disorders. Intra- operative MRI-guided DBS implantation has become more a prevalent practice, particularly after stereotactic guidance devices for MRI became available. However, we and others have discovered little to no literature contributions regarding the design and validation of tools to facilitate intraoperative CT-scans for DBS implantation. Objective and Methods: Our goal is to design and validate a guidance device and software to enable CT- guided DBS; specifically, we validated a skull-mounted guidance device integrated for DBS combined with its 3D Slicer software, and tested a hypothesis that the device provides a tool insertion error (Target Point Error) of less than 3 mm. The measurements were done using a skull phantom, with seven clinically relevant targets distributed at variable depths from two different entry points located in the Frontal and Parietal bones. Further analysis was carried out to understand the reason for increased TPE values at certain targets. Results: We found out that our device could produce a TPE of 2.09 ± 0.9 mm for the Frontal bone entry point [p < 0.0001] and 2.52 ± 0.6 mm [p < 0.0016] for the Parietal bone entry point. Additionally, multivariate analysis suggests that depth is the main contributor to larger TPE values when compared to entry points. Implication: These results conclude that our iCT-guided device is capable of replacing DBS tools while enjoying the shorter imaging cycles of CT-scanners. The device proposed may also increase opportunities for patients to receive image-guided DBS since CT-scanners are more accessible to the public than MRI is.

Proceedings Article | 8 March 2019 Paper

Visualization concepts to improve spatial perception for instrument navigation in image-guided surgery

Florian Heinrich, Gerd Schmidt, Kai Bornemann, Anna Roethe, Walid Essayed, Christian Hansen

Proceedings Volume 10951, 1095125 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512761

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Image-guided intervention, Navigation systems

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Image-guided surgery near anatomical or functional risk structures poses a challenging task for surgeons. To this end, surgical navigation systems that visualize the spatial relation between patient anatomy (represented by 3D images) and surgical instruments have been described. The provided 3D visualizations of these navigation systems are often complex and thus might increase the mental effort for surgeons. Therefore, an appropriate intraoperative visualization of spatial relations between surgical instruments and risk structures poses a pressing need. We propose three visualization methods to improve spatial perception in navigated surgery. A pointer ray encodes the distance between a tracked instrument tip and risk structures along the tool’s main axis. A side-looking radar visualizes the distance between the instrument tip and nearby structures by a ray rotating around the tool. Virtual lighthouses visualize the distances between the instrument tip and predefined anatomical landmarks as color-coded lights flashing between the instrument tip and the landmarks. Our methods aim to encode distance information with low visual complexity. To evaluate our concepts’ usefulness, we conducted a user study with 16 participants. During the study, the participants were asked to insert a pointer tool into a virtual target inside a phantom without touching nearby risk structures or boundaries. Results showed that our concepts were perceived as useful and suitable to improve distance assessment and spatial awareness of risk structures and surgical instruments. Participants were able to safely maneuver the instrument while our navigation cues increased participant confidence of successful avoidance of risk structures.

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