KEYWORDS: Video, Computer programming, Multimedia, Sensors, Receivers, Operating systems, Video processing, Process control, Control systems, Mobile devices
Our previous MMCN03 paper reported a cross-layer adaptation framework, GRACE-1, that coordinates the adaptation of CPU frequency/voltage, CPU scheduling, and application quality. GRACE-1 assumes that all application processes (or threads) are independent from each other and adapt individually. This assumption, however, is invalid for multi-threaded applications that include dependent and cooperative processes. To support the joint performance requirements
of such dependent processes, this paper extends GRACE-1 with a process group management mechanism. The enhanced framework, called GRACE-grp, introduces a new OS abstraction, group control block, to provide the OS-level recognition and support of process groups. Through a group control block, dependent processes can explicitly set up a group and specify their dependency in the OS kernel. Consequently, GRACE-grp schedules and adapts them in a synchronized and consistent manner, thereby delivering joint performance guarantees. We have implemented and evaluated the GRACE-grp framework. Our experimental results show that compared to GRACE-1, GRACE-grp provides better support for the joint quality of dependent processes and reduces CPU energy consumption by 6.2% to 8.7% for each process group.
Mobile multimedia systems must provide application quality of service (QoS) in the presence of dynamically varying and multiple resource constraints (e.g., variations in available CPU time, energy, and bandwidth). Researchers have therefore proposed adaptive systems that can respond to changing resource availability and application demands. All system layers can benefit from adaptation, but fully exploiting these benefits requires a new cross-layer adaptation framework to coordinate the adaptations in the different layers. This paper presents such a framework and its first prototype, called GRACE-1. The framework supports application QoS under CPU and energy constraints via coordinated adaptation in the hardware, OS, and application layers. Specifically, GRACE-1 uses global adaptation to handle large and long-term variations, setting application QoS, CPU allocation, and CPU frequency/voltage to qualitatively new levels. In response to small and temporary variations, it uses local adaptation within each layer. We have implemented the GRACE-1 prototype on an HP laptop with an adaptive processor. Our experimental results show that, compared to previous approaches that exploit adaptation in only some of the layers or in an uncoordinated way, GRACE-1 can provide higher overall system utility in several cases.
Conference Committee Involvement (1)
Multimedia Computing and Networking 2006
18 January 2006 | San Jose, California, United States
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