A simple modal interferometer is proposed, to be produced by splicing a section of a novel ring-core photonic crystal fiber (RPCF) and two segments of single-mode fibers. Owing to the effects of the collapsed region, the ring modes in the RPCF can be effectively activated. This is the first demonstration of an interferometer based on the interference between ring modes, as opposed to previously reported interferometer based on the interference of core modes or cladding modes. The effects of the length of RPCF and the wavelength on the temperature and strain characteristics of the interferometer are investigated. The strain sensitivity increases with RPCF length and with wavelength. Based on the interferometer, a strain sensor with low temperature sensitivity is proposed, which has strain sensitivity of 1.777 pm/(µm/m).
We propose a novel structure of single-polarization single-mode(SPSM) holey fiber designed based on resonant coupling
effect. The proposed fiber is able to achieve SPSM operation over an ultra-broad bandwidth as large as 920nm ranging
from 1.48μm to 2.4μm, within which only one polarization state of the fundamental mode can be effectively guided.
With the aid of six smaller holes around the central core, the effective mode area of the fiber is enlarged and the
chromatic dispersion curve is flattened. The numerical results indicate that the proposed fiber achieves nearly zero
ultra-flattened dispersion over a wide spectral range and the effective mode area is approaching ~78μm2 at 1550nm.
Moreover, the structure shows superiority in output beam quality owing to the symmetry of the central core region, and
also exhibits great modal compatibility with SMF.
Switchable dual-wavelength fiber laser with photonic crystal fiber (PCF) Sagnac loop and broadband fiber Bragg grating
(BFBG) at room temperature is demonstrated. By adjusting the polarization controller (PC) appropriately, the laser can
be switched between the stable single- and dual-wavelength lasing operations by exploiting polarization hole burning
(PHB) and spectral hole burning effects (SHB).
The compact Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed by splicing a section of photonic crystal fiber (PCF)
and two pieces of single mode fiber (SMF) with the air-holes of PCF intentionally collapsed in the vicinity of the splices.
The depedence of the fringe spacing on the length of PCF is investigated. Based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer as
wavelength-selective filter, a switchable dual-wavelength fiber ring laser is demonstrated with a homemade erbiumdoped
fiber amplifier (EDFA) as the gain medium at room temperature. By adjusting the states of the polarization
controller (PC) appropriately, the laser can be switched among the stable single-and dual -wavelength lasing operations
by exploiting polarization hole burning (PHB) effect.
The mode coupling in the dispersion compensating dual-core photonic crystal fiber is numerically investigated
by the full-vector finite element method (FEM) with transparent boundary condition (TBC). The dependence of the
phase-matching wavelength, the confinement loss, the effective mode area and the dispersion on the refractive index of
the doped inner core, the diameter of air holes and the pitch is demonstrated. The dispersion value as large as -1426
ps/(nm -km), the effective mode area, 80 μm2 and confinement loss, 1.86×10-6 dB/m at λ=1.55μm are obtained.
The properties of long period gratings in Photonic crystal fibers (PCFLPGs) are systematically analyzed by the improved
full-vector effective index model and the coupled mode theory. Dual-resonance peak occurs in PCFLPGs. The
dependence of the strength of coupling and the resonance wavelength on the hole pitch, the relative hole size, the grating
period, the length of grating, the refractive index modulation depth and the chirp coefficient is studied. Some useful
conclusions are obtained, which provide the theoretical basis for the applications of PCFLPGs such as the optical fiber
communication, the optical fiber sensing and so on.
A highly negative dispersion photonic crystal fibre with less germanium doped core and central index dip is numerically
investigated by fully vectorial finite element method. By adjusting the pitch, the depths and radius of the central index
dip and the diameter of six small air holes in the third ring, Highly negative dispersion value (-1325.5ps/nm.km) and
large mode effective area (71.4um2) DCPCF around the wavelength of 1.55μm is obtained.
The very high dispersive dual-core photonic crystal fiber is analyzed by the full-vector finite element method. The
dependence of the phase-matching wavelength (PMW) and the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) on the refractive
index of the doped inner core, the diameter of air holes and the hole pitch is demonstrated. The dispersion value is as
large as -1427 ps/(nm km) and the effective mode area of the fundamental mode, 82.06 um2 are obtained.
A fast method is developed to quantitatively characterize the shape of human corneal endothelial cells with fractal theory and applied to analyze microscopic photographs of human corneal endothelial cells. The results show that human corneal endothelial cells possess the third characterization parameter-- fractal dimension, besides another two characterization parameter (its size and shape). Compared with tradition method, this method has many advantages, such as automatism, speediness, parallel processing and can be used to analyze large numbers of endothelial cells, the obtained values are statistically significant, it offers a new approach for clinic diagnosis of endothelial cells.
The whole process of neutrophilic granulocyte phagocytosis of E.Coli BL21-expressed green fluorescent protein gene was recorded with CCD coupled fluorescence microscopy in a real-time. This process contains of three stages: adhesion, ingestion, and exocytosis. The properties of each stages of phagocytosis were analyzed. The method opened new perspective in continuously observing the specific and non-specific immunity mechanism on alive cell.
Many authors have elucidated the theory about oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin absorption in near-infrared spectrum. And the theory has opened a window to measure the hemodynamic changes caused by stroke. However, no proper animal model still has established to confirm the theory. The aim of this study was to validate near-infrared cerebral topography (NCT) as a practical tool and to try to trace the focal hemodynamic changes of ischemic stroke. In the present study, middle cerebral artery occlusion model and the photosensitizer induced intracranial infarct model had been established. NCT and functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) were obtained during pre- and post-operation. The geometric shape and infarct area of NCT image was compared with the fMRI images and anatomical samples of each rat. The results of two occlusion models in different intervene factors showed the NCT for infarct focus matched well with fMRI and anatomic sample of each rats. The instrument might become a practical tool for short-term prediction of stroke and predicting the rehabilitation after stroke in real time.
Imaging characteristics of photon diffusion imaging in highly scattering media such as human tissues was illustrated with the concept of transfer function by means of Fourier analysis. The illumination photon source, and the optical properties of the sample are cascaded to construct a whole system. As an information transfer channel, the imaging system takes the role of a low pass filter. Low frequency components are measured with a photon diffusion imaging system.
We detected oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) content change and blood volume of the bleeding model in vivo with NIRS imager. The results showed that the minimum detect limit of NIRS imager is 0.5 ml and the optimum detect depth is 2 - 5 cm under skin. In our test, the imager could detect small change of the blood volume easily, but the HbO2 content in hyperemia location hadn't obvious change. The results suggested that injected blood was venous blood which had lower HbO2 content level. In single channel blood oxygen test, we observed that deoxyhemoglobin, blood volume had significant changes after 0.5 ml venous blood was injected each time. But the oxyhemoglobin hadn't obvious change too. The NIRS imager could determine the location, range and depth of ischemia or bleeding diseases. Because the instrument is cheap, portable, and operate easily, it is promising in family diagnosis and sport medicine.
To measure low frequency small displacement vibration, we develop a non-contact sensor based on the optical feedback effect in a laser diode. The principle and experiment setup are described. Experimental results show that the sensor is sensitive to vibration in the micrometer range.
A NIRS imager is used as a real time monitor in psychological test to record the response in blood oxyhemoglobin state and blood flow of the frontal gyri of human subject. The imager has 9 lamps and 4 dual detector pairs and an area of 9*4 cm. In mental work and pattern recognition test, we recorded oxygen consumption and blood flow changes of the volunteer's frontal gyri. The psychological results showed that down part of the left frontal gyri has intensive relation with pattern recognition and has definite boundaries. However, the mental work involved more zones of frontal gyri and it may be a more complicated think model. The results also suggested that brain have an exquisite and complicated adjust ability. As a result, the oxygen supplement in excited area increased as the neuron excited.
A real time functional near infrared imager (fNIRI) was introduced. The imager was controlled by a computer and the signals from the detectors were converted and processed in real time. A user-friendly software was programmed with Visual C++ language. Relative changes of oxy - Hb, Hb, and total blood concentration in 16 channels and the corresponding images can be displayed in real time on the computer. The imager was used as a real time monitor in psychological tests to record the response of the frontal cortex of human subjects. In mental work and pattern recognition tests, we recorded oxygen consumption and blood flow changes of volunteers' frontal cortex. The psychological results showed that the lower part of the left frontal gyres had intensive relation to pattern recognition and has definite boundaries. However, the mental work involved more zones of the frontal gyres and may be a complex conceptual model. The results also suggested that the human brain has an precise and complicated adjustability. The oxygen supplement in the stimulated area increased as the neuron stimulation.
Characteristics of images measured by continuous-wave functional near infrared imager was analyzed in this paper by means of Fourier analysis. It is shown that, as an information transfer channel, the imaging system acts as a low pass filter. Low frequency information of the biological system is received by the cw imager. Relationship between scattering coefficient and the transfer function of the sample subsystem is discussed.
We present an analytical perturbation analysis for studying the imaging characteristics of photon diffusion imaging in highly scattering media such as human tissues. The photon source, the optical properties of the sample, and measurement system are all considered as parts of the whole imaging system. A concise relation between the internal structure and the detected signal was derived. We also proved that photon diffusion imaging possess the property of linear shift invariance. The image formation mechanism of such measurements as functional imaging or tumor early diagnosis is illustrated from the point of linear shift invariant system view.
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