Dr. Wenge Yang Profile

Dr. Wenge Yang

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Proceedings Article | 9 February 2007 Paper

Microfabrication of integrated atomic vapor cells

Donald Conkey, Rebecca Brenning, Aaron Hawkins, Wenge Yang, Bin Wu, Holger Schmidt

Proceedings Volume 6475, 647518 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.700922

KEYWORDS: Rubidium, Waveguides, Absorption, Hollow waveguides, Epoxies, Glasses, Silicon, Solids, Helium, Dielectrics

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The integration of hollow anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) with vapor cells on silicon chips provides a compact platform for a number of optical applications, including the study of quantum coherence effects such as electromagnetically induced transparency and single-photon nonlinearities, as well as frequency stabilization standards. The use of hollow waveguides allows for light propagation in low index (vapor) media with compact mode areas. ARROWs make particularly attractive waveguides for this purpose because they can be interfaced with solid core waveguides, microfabricated on a planar substrate, and are effectively single mode. ARROW fabrication utilizes an acidremoved sacrificial core surrounded by alternating plasma deposited dielectric layers, which act as Fabry-Perot reflectors. A demonstration platform consisting of solid and hollow core waveguides integrated with rubidium vapor cells has been constructed. Rubidium was used because it is of particular interest for studying quantum coherence effects. Liquefied rubidium was transferred from a bulk supply into an on-chip vapor cell in an anaerobic atmosphere glovebox. Optical absorption measurements confirmed the presence of rubidium vapor within the hollow waveguide platform. Coherence dephasing in the small dimensions of the ARROW (quantum coherence effect) can be addressed by adding a buffer gas and passivation coatings to the ARROW walls.

Proceedings Article | 8 February 2007 Paper

Rubidium spectroscopy on a chip

Holger Schmidt, Wenge Yang, Bin Wu, Dongliang Yin, Donald Conkey, John Hulbert, Aaron Hawkins

Proceedings Volume 6482, 64820P (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.716466

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Rubidium, Spectroscopy, Coating, Silicon, Integrated optics, Absorption, Slow light, Optical properties, Solids

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We review the current status of integrating optical quantum interference effects such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), slow light, and highly efficient nonlinear processes on a semiconductor chip. A necessary prerequisite for combining effects such as slow light and related phenomena with the convenience of integrated optics is the development of integrated alkali vapor cells. Here, we describe the development of integrated rubidium cells based on hollow-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs). Hollow-core waveguides were fabricated on a silicon platform using conventional microfabrication and filled with rubidium vapor using different methods. Rubidium absorption through the waveguides was successfully observed which opens the way to integrated atomic and molecular on a chip. The realization of quantum coherence effects requires additional surface treatment of the waveguide walls, and the effects of the surface coating on the waveguide properties are presented.

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