Optical 3-D measurement systems based on photogrammetric methods are increasingly and successfully being applied in
industrial applications, covering different sectors like automotive or aerospace industries, research facilities like particle
accelerators but also emerging technologies like renewable energy.
The systems are utilized throughout the whole product lifecycle - ranging from applications in R&D, development,
testing, manufacturing and final quality control.
Like the whole market for optical three-dimensional technologies it is a rapidly growing technology sector. As the
boundaries to other optical technologies like laser triangulation sensors, white light scanning or even tactile
measurement systems are narrowing, an overview of technologies used and the relevance of photogrammetric solutions
in the different applications and sectors will be given.
In recent years industrial photogrammetry has emerged from a highly specialized niche technology to a well established tool in industrial coordinate measurement applications with numerous installations in a significantly growing market of flexible and portable optical measurement systems. This is due to the development of powerful, but affordable video and computer technology. The increasing industrial requirements for accuracy, speed, robustness and ease of use of these systems together with a demand for the highest possible degree of automation have forced universities and system manufacturers to develop hard- and software solutions to meet these requirements. The presentation will show the latest trends in hardware development, especially new generation digital and/or intelligent cameras, aspects of image engineering like use of controlled illumination or projection technologies,and algorithmic and software aspects like automation strategies or new camera models. The basic qualities of digital photogrammetry-like portability and flexibility on one hand and fully automated quality control on the other -- sometimes lead to certain conflicts in the design of measurement systems for different online, offline or real-time solutions. The presentation will further show, how these tools and methods are combined in different configurations to be able to cover the still growing demands of the industrial end-users.
In recent years industrial photogrammetry has emerged from a highly specialized niche technology to a well established tool in industrial coordinate measurement applications with numerous installations in a significantly growing market of flexible and portable optical measurement systems. This is due to the development of powerful, but affordable video and computer technology.
The increasing industrial requirements for accuracy, speed, robustness and ease of use of these systems together with a demand for the highest possible degree of automation have forced universities and system manufacturer to develop hard- and software solutions to meet these requirements.
The presentation will show the latest trends in hardware development, especially new generation digital and/or intelligent cameras, aspects of image engineering like use of controlled illumination or projection technologies, and algorithmic and software aspects like automation strategies or new camera models.
The basic qualities of digital photogrammetry- like portability and flexibility on one hand and fully automated quality control on the other - sometimes lead to certain conflicts in the design of measurement systems for different online, offline, or real-time solutions. The presentation will further show, how these tools and methods are combined in different configurations to be able to cover the still growing demands of the industrial end-users.
The demand for mobile 3D measurement system for industrial applications has increased rapidly in the past years. Some optical photogrammetry based 3D systems are available and in the daily use. In this paper a new approach is described which shows a combination of optical and tactile techniques using inverse photogrammetry. The approach and the practical applications are described in the following.
KEYWORDS: Calibration, Cameras, Control systems, Optical testing, 3D vision, 3D metrology, 3D image processing, Computer aided design, Time metrology, Imaging systems
Quality control and inspection has become a major tool in industrial production. New measurement systems have to be developed to fulfill these control mechanisms without interfering the production process. Because of the necessity of non interfering systems those have to be contactless. These requirements can be fulfilled by optical measurement systems. The following paper will show an example of such an optical measurement system for measuring spatially bent tubes. There are numerous tasks to measure tubes for shape control in the industrial process. Tubes with different bends, curves and straight parts have to be compared with CAD data. These tubes could be flexible and therefore difficult to measure mechanically. The main problem is to fix the tubes. Another requirement is a short measurement time for shape control in the production line. The new tube measurement system is specially designed for 3D measurement of tubes. The features of the tube measurement system are: non contact measurement, no elastic deformation of the tubes by the fixture, fast acquisition tube geometric, flexible fixing unit, short measurement time by using digital image processing, variable measurement volume and high accuracy.
KEYWORDS: Chemical elements, Digital imaging, Image processing, Digital photography, Photogrammetry, Reflectivity, Digital image processing, Modeling, Visualization, Autoregressive models
Digital image matching plays an increasingly important role in digital photogrammetry. In low-level vision, the method of image matching with simultaneous object reconstruction by least squares matching is the most common and comprehensive approach to the problem. In the matching process object points are represented by small surface patches, thus the results of object based image matching procedures are coordinates of object points or groups of points describing the object surface. This kind of object description is appropriate with topographical applications, as a digital elevation model can be derived in the matching process. The representation of industrial objects by sets of points is, however, not suitable for visualization or easy interpretation. It has to be transformed into a more convenient description, like a CAD surface description, in a secondary step. In the scope of this paper, an object based matching algorithm is presented, where the object surface as a whole is matched in image and object space. Methods are introduced to reduce storage requirements and calculation times for the setup and solution of the normal equation system.
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