A serious rust phenomenon has been observed in an enclosed laser cavity. To figure out the reason which induces the rust, some experiments were carried out by recording the variation of the temperature and relative humidity at different positions. Thus, the vapor density can be numerically deduced by using the measured physical features. To avoid the undesirable rust phenomena occurring again, the exchange windows were chiseled out on an inner cover of the enclosed laser cavity in order to decrease the difference between the vapor density inside the cover and that outside the cover, which relates to the efficiency of dehumidification. The results validate that such a difference of the vapor density is a function of the area of exchange windows. Then, the curves of the vapor density versus the area of exchange windows have been plotted. It has been demonstrated that adding the area of exchange windows, which were pasted by some particulate air filters to prevent external dust particles from entering, on an inner cover might be a feasible method to avoid rust near the water cooling elements. Such a study might be useful for laser technicians to pay much more attention to the protection of undesirable vapor-induced rusting.
Hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) has been proved to be a versatile platform for lab-on-a-fiber applications. By filling the fiber with various gases, liquids or solid materials, the light-matter interaction could be greatly enhanced. Many novel optical phenomena that are unattainable in free-space could be easily identified inside the fiber. Such a platform offers a promising route for creating compact, integrable and biocompatible all-fiber multifunctional optical devices. Here, we review our recent progress in developing a novel HC-PCF coined "hollow-core negative curvature fiber" (NCF) that could provide light guidance at spectral ranges covering from UV, visible, NIR to MIR. These NCFs show attributes of low transmission loss, octave-spanning transmission bandwidth, high damage threshold and single modeness. As a proof-of-concept demonstration for lab-on-a-fiber applications, we filled one of the fibers with ethanol (refractive index 1.36) to form a liquid-core anti-resonant fiber. At a low volume of 1 μL, Raman signal from ethanol was observed at a pump power of 2 mW. Such a high performance NCF opens a window for applications in fiber-enhanced spectroscopy, biochemical sensing and nano-plasmonics.
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