Ms. Xiaolian Guo Profile

Xiaolian Guo

at Ctr for In Vivo Microscopy

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Publications (3)

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Proceedings Article | 16 April 2012 Paper

Lung imaging in rodents using dual energy micro-CT

C. Badea, X. Guo, D. Clark, S. Johnston, C. Marshall, C. Piantadosi

Proceedings Volume 8317, 83171I (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.912155

KEYWORDS: Lung, Dual energy imaging, Tissues, Blood, In vivo imaging, Iodine, Lung imaging, Genetics, X-rays, Xenon

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Dual energy CT imaging is expected to play a major role in the diagnostic arena as it provides material decomposition on an elemental basis. The purpose of this work is to investigate the use of dual energy micro-CT for the estimation of vascular, tissue, and air fractions in rodent lungs using a post-reconstruction three-material decomposition method. We have tested our method using both simulations and experimental work. Using simulations, we have estimated the accuracy limits of the decomposition for realistic micro-CT noise levels. Next, we performed experiments involving ex vivo lung imaging in which intact lungs were carefully removed from the thorax, were injected with an iodine-based contrast agent and inflated with air at different volume levels. Finally, we performed in vivo imaging studies in (n=5) C57BL/6 mice using fast prospective respiratory gating in endinspiration and end-expiration for three different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Prior to imaging, mice were injected with a liposomal blood pool contrast agent. The mean accuracy values were for Air (95.5%), Blood (96%), and Tissue (92.4%). The absolute accuracy in determining all fraction materials was 94.6%. The minimum difference that we could detect in material fractions was 15%. As expected, an increase in PEEP levels for the living mouse resulted in statistically significant increases in air fractions at end-expiration, but no significant changes in end-inspiration. Our method has applicability in preclinical pulmonary studies where various physiological changes can occur as a result of genetic changes, lung disease, or drug effects.

Proceedings Article | 3 March 2012 Paper

A comparison of sampling strategies for dual energy micro-CT

Xiaolian Guo, Samuel Johnston, G. Allan Johnson, Cristian Badea

Proceedings Volume 8313, 831332 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911548

KEYWORDS: Dual energy imaging, Switching, Iodine, Calcium, X-rays, Sensors, X-ray detectors, Bone, Scattering, Calibration

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Micro-CT has become a powerful tool for small animal research. Many micro-CT applications require exogenous contrast agents, which are most commonly based on iodine. Despite advancements in contrast agents, single-energy micro-CT is sometimes limited in the separation of two different materials that share similar grayscale intensity values as in the case of bone and iodine. Dual energy micro-CT offers a solution to this separation problem, while eliminating the need for pre-injection scanning. Various dual energy micro-CT sampling strategies are possible, including 1) single source sequential scanning, 2) simultaneous dual source acquisition, or 3) single source with kVp switching. But, no commercial micro-CT system exists in which all these sampling strategies have been implemented. This study reports on the implementation and comparison of these scanning techniques on the same small animal imaging system. Furthermore, we propose a new sampling strategy that combines dual source and kVp switching. Post-sampling and reconstruction, a simple two-material dual energy decomposition was applied to differentiate iodine from bone. The results indicate the time differences and the potential problems associated with each sampling strategy. Dual source scanning allows for the fastest acquisition, but is prone to errors in decomposition associated with scattering and imperfect geometric alignment of the two imaging chains. KVp switching prevents these types of artifacts, but requires more time for sampling. The novel combination between the dual source and kVp switching has the potential to reduce sampling time and provide better decomposition performance.

Proceedings Article | 9 November 2010 Paper

Performance of hybrid system for fluorescence and micro-computed tomography in synchronous mode

Xin Liu, Yi Zhang, Fei Liu, Xiaolian Guo, Xin Wang, Jing Bai

Proceedings Volume 7845, 78450G (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.870001

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Imaging systems, In vivo imaging, X-rays, Image segmentation, Data acquisition, X-ray optics, X-ray imaging, Tomography, X-ray computed tomography

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Fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT) plays an important role in studying physiological and pathological processes of small animals in vivo. The low spatial resolution, however, limits the ability of FDOT in resolving the biodistributions of fluorescent markers. The anatomical information provided by X-ray computed tomography (CT) can be used to improve the image quality of FDOT. However, in most hybrid FDOT/CT systems, the projection data sets of optics and X-ray are acquired sequentially, which increases the acquisition time and bring in the unwanted soft tissue displacement. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a synchronous FDOT/CT system, which allows for faster and concurrent imaging. Compared with previous FDOT/CT systems, the two subsystems (FDOT and CT) acquire projection images in synchronous mode, so the body position can keep consistent in the same projection data acquired by both subsystems. The experimental results of phantom and in vivo experiments suggest that the reconstruction quality of FDOT can be significantly improved when structural a priori information is utilized to constrain the reconstruction process. On the other hand, the synchronous FDOT/CT system decreases the imaging time.

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