High-accuracy measurement of optical fiber transfer delay (OFTD) is essential to applications such as distributed optical fiber sensing, radio over fiber networks, and optically controlled phased array radars. However, it is difficult to simultaneously acquire high accuracy and high spatial resolution transfer delay distributed in different positions along the optical fiber path. Here, we propose an approach to measure the distributed OFTD based on optical stepped frequency chirp signal (OSFC) enabling sub-millimeter-level spatial resolution and sub-picosecond-level accuracy. Thanks to an optical frequency shifting loop, an OSFC signal with ultra-wide bandwidth of up to hundreds of GHz can be obtained. By coherent de-chirping and fusing the OSFC signal, high-accuracy and high-spatial-resolution distributed OFTD measurement can be achieved. In a proof-of-concept experiment, an OSFC signal with a bandwidth of up to 320 GHz was generated, achieving 0.29-mm spatial resolution and ±0.05 ps accuracy distributed OFTD measurement.
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