High-order Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) petal-like beams have become a topic of significant interest due to their potential application in next-generation optical trapping, quantum optics, and materials processing technologies. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of high-order LG beams with petal-like spatial profiles and tunable orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the mid-infrared wavelength region. These beams are generated using idler-resonant optical parametric oscillation (OPO) in a KTiOAsO4 (KTA) crystal. By adjusting the length of the resonant cavity, the OAM of the mid-infrared idler field can be tuned and we demonstrate tuning in the range of 0 to ±10. When using a maximum pump energy of 20.2 mJ, the maximum output energy of high-order modes LG0,±5, LG0,±8, and LG0,±10 were 0.8, 0.53, and 0.46 mJ, respectively. The means by which high-order LG modes with petal-like spatial profiles and tunable OAM were generated from the OPO is theoretically modeled by examining the spatial overlap efficiency of the beam waists of the pump and resonant idler fields within the center of the KTA crystal. The methodology presented in this work offers a simple and flexible method to wavelength-convert laser emission and generate high-order LG modes.
Passive Q-switching (PQS) operation of 2 μm a-cut Tm,Ho:YAP laser was experimentally demonstrated with a MoS2 /WS2 saturable absorber (SA) mirror. A MoS2 SA was used in the experiment, the PQS Tm,Ho:YAP laser was the first acquired with an average output power of 3.3 W and per pulse energy of 23.31 μJ, and the beam quality factors of Mx =1.06 and My =1.06 were measured. A WS2 SA was used in the experiment, an average output power of 696 mW and a peak power of 1.79 W were acquired from PQS Tm,Ho:YAP laser with the pump power of 9.26 W, corresponding to pulse widths of 9.1 and 5.6μs and the optical-optical conversion efficiencies of 7.5% and 4.1%. The beam quality factors of Mx =1.05 and My =1.06 were measured.
A high energy of b-cut Tm, Ho:YAlO3 laser is reported in the paper. The laser operated in acousto-optical Qswitched mode at 2.12 μm. The output average power of 9.61 W was achieved at the pulse repetition frequency of 10 kHz ,and the power of 11.6 W was acquired in continuous wave mode. Moreover, the energy per pulse of 0.961 mJ in 64.4 ns was acquired at 10 kHz with a 14.92-kW peak power.
A high-power, b-cut Tm,Ho:YAP laser pumped by two 794.3-nm laser diodes is reported in the paper. An optical-optical conversion efficiency of 46.1% and a slope efficiency of 47.8% were achieved with the output power of 20.3 W at 2.12 μm.
A 9.8 W, continuous wave (CW) operation of a a-cut Tm,Ho:YAlO3 (Tm,Ho:YAP) laser at 2119.2 nm is reported in this paper. The Tm,Ho:YAP crystal, which was cooled at the temperature of 77 K, was double end-pumped by two 14.0- W fiber-coupled laser diodes at 793.5 nm. An optical-optical conversion efficiency of 35% was acquired, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 37.8%.
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