The crossed-sine wavefront sensor (WFS) is a pupil plane wavefront sensor that measures the first derivatives of the wavefront. The crossed-sine WFS achieves a simultaneous high spatial resolution at the pupil of the tested optics and absolute measurement accuracy comparable to that attained by laser-interferometers, but with a much more compact, cheaper set-up, compatible with polychromatic light. It is made by three main components: a gradient transmission filter (GTF) built from a product of sine functions rotated by 45 degrees around the optical axis, a 2x2 mini-lens array (MLA) at the focus of the tested optical system and a detector array located on a plane conjugated to the pupil. The basic principle consists in acquiring four pupil images simultaneously, each image being observed from different points located behind the GTF. After the simulation work which demonstrated the wavefront reconstruction capability, we are now in the phase of implementation of the prototype in the lab. In this paper we introduce seven customized phase masks and make measurements of them. First tests and results are demonstrated, based on which we explore the performance of our crossedsine WFS and make comparisons with that of the laser-interferometer.
The crossed-sine wavefront sensor (WFS), which is based on a gradient transmission filter (GTF) and a 2´2 minilens array (MLA), enables simultaneous achromatic imaging at a high spatial resolution. The GTF is formed by four circular sub-apertures with the crossed-sine pattern for spatial filtering, producing four initial images. The 2´2 MLA, which is placed on the image plane of the optical system, is adjusted to transfer the image of the exit pupil onto the detector array. In this paper, we present the design of the GTF and MLA, and some preliminary experimental tests of the crossed-sine WFS system. For the first prototype, a spatial light modulator (SLM) is utilized to simulate the GTF functions, and an achromat is applied to transfers the pupil images instead of the MLA. The pupil image and the wavefront error have been obtained. This crossed-sine WFS imaging system is user-friendly and will serve a large range of high throughput applications in astronomy, biomedicine and metrology.
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