To estimate the link loss rates using network tomography, this paper proposes a Fast Path-based Approach (FPA) by
explicit estimation. Instead of inferring the link loss rates directly, we first infer the path loss rates from which we can
easily derive the link loss rates. In addition, the path loss rates are inferred by a new estimator which is an explicit
function of loss observations. The presented estimator is analytical and only requires simple arithmetic calculation. It is
also proved to be consistent and have the same asymptotic variance as that of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE).
The simulation results show that the FPA can accurately estimate the link loss rates.
Carriers and service providers are rushing to provide Ethernet-based virtual private network services in metro area
network (MAN) as the most cost effective way to address the needs of the enterprise network market. To address the fast
recovery from any signal failure issue in the Metro Ethernet, we propose a metro Ethernet architecture based on multiple
Enhanced Self-protected Spanning Trees (ESST). The recovery mechanism, named Birthday-based Link Replacing
Mechanism (BLRM), in this architecture is able to transform a self-protected spanning tree into another spanning tree
after any signal link or node failure. Simulation result demonstrates the effectiveness of the BLRM in achieving fast
recovery.
In this paper, the reliability and MTTF (Mean Time to Failure) for multi-ring RPR (Resilient Packet Ring) are calculated
on the conditions of single-link failures, double-link failures and no failure, respectively. The parameters such as the total
number of stations N, the number of the sub-rings R, and the distribution of Niwhich represents the number of the
stations in the i-th sub-ring (1≤i≤R) are contained in the formulas. The relationship between the value of the
reliability/MTTF and the parameters N, R and Ni is analyzed. The result shows that reliability/MTTF of the RPR
multi-rings is increasing while the variance of Ni is decreasing. It is also proved that the value of the reliability/MTTF is
maximum when Ni=Nj ( i ≠j and 1≤i, j≤R) by using Lagrange multipliers method, i.e. the condition of the optimal
reliability of multi-ring RPR is satisfied when var(Ni) =0.
This paper proposes a semiautomatic algorithm for the accurate extraction of an athlete from color diving sequences. Change detection techniques and edge detection techniques are combined to extract the moving object. Color information and interactive information are used to get rough region of the athlete interested. A robust edge map is derived from the difference between successive frames, then further refining of rough athlete region is applied by the information of the robust edge. The proposed method is useful in applications with a relatively still background, Experimental results show that the method provides accurate extraction with pixel-wise precision, thus providing a reliable input to further analysis or applications such as MPEG-4.
A water-soluble black photopolymer, containing PVA-SbQ, carbon black, surfactants and solvent, was developed for production of blackmatrix. Blackmatrix made from the black photopolymer has high opacity and good resolution. The negative charged carbon black is more suitable to be used as the light shielding substance. Several methods to shorten the exposure time were studied and discussed. Increasing the content of photosensitive group and exposed by lamp of high irradiation intensity are effective methods to shorten the exposure time. The fabrication of BM using this black photopolymer has some advantages over conventional methods: low cost, low light reflectivity and low pollution.
Water-soluble pigment-dispersed resist systems of red, blue, and green were developed using a high polymer as dispersing agent. The color filters formed from the color resists have high photosensitivity, high resolution, high transparency and chromaticity that meets the requirements of color display. The formation of microimage depends not only on the degree of photo-crosslink of polyvinyl alcohol/stylpyridinium, but also on the adhesion of color filter to the glass substrate. The reduction of photoreaction speed of the color resists is caused by the pigments' absorption of UV light. The adhesion between the color filter and glass surface depends on the amount of hydrogen bonds formed between them.
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