Studied are the effects of fiber dispersion and loss and single-photon detector dark counts on key transmission rate and
bit error rate of quantum key distribution system through theoretical analysis and computation. Research demonstrates
that fiber loss is the main factor that influences quantum key transmission rate, while quantum bit error rate is related to
fiber loss, dispersion, pulse width, dark counts and Rayleigh backscattering. Theoretical calculation indicates that in the
current single-mode fiber-based plug & play quantum key distribution system with a dark counts of 10 -5/ns, the
utilization of short pulse with 1550 nm wavelength and a 50 ps width can achieve the maximum transmission distance of
131 km. If we reduce dark counts or use G.653 dispersion-shifted fiber with short pulse, we can further improve key
transmission rate and reduce the quantum bit error rate, thus effectively enhance the transmission distance of quantum
key distribution system.
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