Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, as an optical technique for material component analysis, was successfully developed and applied for the detection of atmospheric water vapor. By detecting moist air with different humidities, the spectral intensity of H is found to be a linear enhancement with the increase of relative humidity. A model for the comprehensive analysis of H and O atomic spectral lines is established, and a good correlation coefficient is obtained. Moreover, air samples containing elemental impurities are also detected, and the clustering analysis is realized using principal component analysis. Based on the internal standard method, the quantitative analysis of Na and Mg elements is realized by choosing a spectral line of N as the internal standard line.
As a common air pollutant, incense has caused certain harm to the atmospheric environment and human health. The spectra of the incense ash smoke were analyzed online in situ to identify the main elements such as Ca, K, N, and H by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology. Additionally, molecular bands of CN were also recognized in the spectrum of smoke and the vibrational and rotational temperatures of CN molecule were calculated. Moreover, the incense was dipped into the solutions containing Pb to simulate heavy metal pollution in the atmosphere for offline quantitative analysis and online detection. The internal standard calibration method was applied for the quantitative analysis of Pb/Fe and the linear correlation coefficients (R2) obtained is 0.99709. Furthermore, a home-built single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer was utilized in combination with LIBS technology for online analysis of Pb isotopes in smoke. Finally, the detection limit of Pb in the incense ash is calculated to 46.6 mg / kg.
A conventional VMI (velocity map imaging)-TOF (time-of-flight) spectrometer is modified by adding an extra electrode. By this small modification, the longitudinal focus can be realized for TOF mass resolution while maintaining the lateral focus for optimal VMI energy resolution simultaneously. The mass-resolving power by four-electrode ion optics is greatly enhanced. Our design is especially useful in experiment with a non-focused laser beam.
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