We synthesize and investigate the swelling behavior of polyelectrolyte and polyampholyte grafted layers on planar substrates. The polymer brushes are prepared using the "grafting from" method with surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), which allows a good control of the chain length and a weak polydispersity of chains. Ellipsometry and neutron reflectivity are used to determine the swollen thickness and the monomer volume fraction profile. The scaling behavior of the neutral polymer brush and the strong polyelectrolyte brush is in good agreement with scaling laws predicted by mean-field theories. The swelling behavior of the pH-responsive polybase brush is between the situation of the neutral polymer brush in good solvent and the quenched polyelectrolyte. Polyampholyte brushes are contracted in the pH range of zero net charge. A barrier zone likely due to the attraction between positively and negatively charged monomer units is observed in the density profile. This barrier could prevent from a collective ionization of the chains and reduce the expected collapse of the brush.
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