KEYWORDS: Polarization, Spatial resolution, Sensors, Temperature metrology, Signal detection, Sensing systems, Signal to noise ratio, Rayleigh scattering, Time division multiplexing, Data acquisition
The drive for high spatial resolution (millimeters) distributed fiber sensors has renewed the interest in optical frequency domain reflectrometry (OFDR) systems. Because millimeters equivalent spatial resolution in optical time domain reflectrometry (OTDR) systems would require a data acquisition card with a bandwidth of 10 GHz and a sampling rate of tens of G Samples/s, such a digitizer or data acquisition card plus the pulse generator and detection system will make a distributed sensors very expensive, while a tunable laser with a wide tuning range can provide millimeters resolution with short sensing range (<100m). We developed a high precision temperature (0.1°C) and strain (1μ strain) resolution and 2.5mm spatial resolution over 180m range by auto and cross-correlation of OFDR in PMF. The dual modes of PMF allow the discrimination of the temperature and strain with distinct dependency. The application of this sensor for internal crack detection of concrete beam has been demonstrated. For distributed dynamic measurement, the upper frequency is limited by the repetition rate of the laser pulse in sensing fiber; in addition the weak Rayleigh scattering signal demands many averaging to improve SNR. The continuous wavelet transform approach has been introduced in phase OTDR sensor system to suppress random noise, and multiple vibration disturbances have been measured simultaneously for power generator monitoring. For the high frequency vibration detection, the coherent detection combined with polarization diversity scheme is implemented.
This paper proposed using continuous wavelet transform to analyze the non-stationary vibration in the distributed
vibration sensor based on phase optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR). The continuous wavelet transform approach
allows detection of both the frequency and time information of vibration simultaneously. Distributed vibration
measurements of 200Hz and 200 Hz to1 kHz sweep events over 20cm length have been demonstrated using the single
mode fiber.
A high-spatial-resolution distributed optical fiber vibration sensor is demonstrated. The distributed dynamic strain or
vibration information can be obtained using time-resolved optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR). Time-domain
information is resolved by measuring Rayleigh backscatter spectrum in different wavelength ranges which fall in
successive time sequence due to the linear wavelength sweep of the tunable laser source with a constant sweeping rate.
This time-resolved local Rayleigh backscatter spectrum shift of the vibrated state with respect to that of the non-vibrated
state along the fiber length provides dynamic strain information in a distributed manner. The measurable frequency range
of 0-32 Hz with the spatial resolution of 10 cm can be achieved
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