Grating devices are widely used in optical force or vibration sensing. However, conventional gratings made of rigid materials have small strain which only arises little change of the resonance wavelengths by force, furthermore the resonant wavelengths are susceptible to temperature and humidity, thus accurate perception of pressure is hard and complicated. In this work, we designed and fabricated a flexible and stretchable PDMS-TiO2-PDMS grating waveguide type pressure sensor where the sensing mechanism is based on waveguide resonance, meaning the resonant wavelengths are shifted linearly with the change of grating pitch and are rarely affected by temperature and humidity. Finite element analysis (COMSOL Multiphysics) is used to simulate the dynamic deformation of the grating structure under stress or tension, and the spectral changes of the gratings under above mechanical conditions are simulated by using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation. We found that the wavelengths of waveguide resonance are in good linearity to the changing of grating period and is insensitive to the grating height and line width. The proposed flexible grating device provides a new sensing method for optical sensors, which can be practically applied in various circumstances including strong electromagnetic interference and high variation of temperature or humidity.
Finger touch-based interactions relying on real physical touch between the objects and the plane screens are inconvenient to be used in large scale displays, since the size of the screen is beyond the reachable range of the operators. In this work, we propose a novel optical interaction simultaneously integrated with remote optical touch and direct touched fingerprint sensing which includes three layers of transparent optical films embedded with sub-wavelength gratings. The proposed films were validated by the rigorous coupled-wave theory analysis and the coupling efficiency of each layer was optimized via the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation. The proposed smart transparent optical interaction system is believed to improve the performance of touching technologies which have significant applications in large screen teaching, meeting and gaming.
The current multi-touch interactions are mainly relying on the contact between objects and diplay screens, which is restricted in a two dimensional plane. To expand the dimension of human-machine interaction, we propose a kind of remote multi-point optical 'touch' technology in which users can control the displays from distant laser pens. The touching system consists of a laser pen used as touching light, double layered transparent optical films with sub-wavelength gratings, and photodetector arrays set around the sidewalls of the optical films. The working mechanism is: when the incident light hits the optical films, it will be converted to waveguide light propagating along the films by the gratings on the films and eventually reaches detectors on the sidewalls for position detection. In this work, touch time response up to millisecond level is superior to conventional optical touch technologies. The design overcomes the problem that the touch point caused by direct contact technology is beyond the reach of human body under the touch of large screen. Optical touch based on sub-wavelength grating couplers will make touch more intelligent and natural.
Optical responses in Bi-layer metallic nanowire grating are investigated. There are two kinds of Surface Plasmon
resonances: lateral propagating Surface Plasmon waveguide modes excited by the diffraction of the grating which lead to
dips in transmission; Surface Plasmon resonance between the slits of the grating, which leads to high extinction ration of
TM to TE transmission. With simultaneous resonances, a compacted device of integrated color filter and polarizer can be
achieved. In order to improve the transmission of TM light, an undercut structure is proposed. The mechanism of the
enhancement is analyzed. Bi-layer metallic nanowire gratings are fabricated by laser interference lithography and
subsequent E-beam deposition. The measured transmission and reflection spectra confirmed the theoretical and
numerical simulations. The results will have wide potential applications in Displays, Optical communication, and
integrated Optics.
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