Liver cancer is one of the most common digestive system malignancies with an average five-year survival rate of less than 20%, while traditional methods are often unautomated, labeling required, and limited for early liver cancer detection. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40-150 nm, which play important role in disease diagnosis and treatment. It is of interest to develop a label-free optical system for the analysis of nanoscale exosomes. Here, we developed a label-free two-dimensional (2D) light scattering acquisition system for the measurements of microparticles and the exosomes derived from the normal liver cells. By adjusting the thickness of the light sheet for illumination in our system, nanoparticles down to 41 nm are detected. The visualization and accurate particle size analysis of liver cell exosomes are then performed by our 2D light scattering technology. Our method is expected to have important applications in the quantitative analysis field of cellular and extracellular structures that may find potential applications in clinics such as for early cancer diagnosis.
The study of submicron particles becomes increasing important in biomedical field. For example, some biological substances such as extra-cellular vesicle have been reported to play important roles in understanding of cancer. Twodimensional (2D) light scattering technology has been previously applied for the analysis of micro-size cells or particles. In this paper, we develop the 2D light scattering technology for the analysis of submicron particles. Light sheet technology is adopted to provide a uniform and high intensity excitation. Two-dimensional light scattering patterns of polystyrene beads (250 nm and 510 nm in diameter) are imaged by a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor through a 40X objective lens. The experimental results are found to be similar with our 2D light scattering simulations based on Mie theory. Our results show that the submicron particles can be well detected by 2D light scattering technology, which is expected to have future applications in the field of biomedicine.
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