In this paper a wavelength-multiplexing based super-resolving concept is presented to allow high resolution imaging through blood. We use temporally pulsed and spectrally wide-band laser while at its output we have special grating and a spatial 2-D transmission mask allowing to project wavelengths’ dependent high-resolution spatial orthogonal encoding patterns (different spatial patterns for each wavelength). The ballistic photons of the short temporal pulses allow the high-resolution encoding pattern to reach the inspected object through the scattering blood medium without being spatially blurred. The light is intentionally collected via low resolution optics. The high-resolution reconstruction can be obtained digitally by post processing or optically by passing the collected low-resolution data through a similar grating and 2-D mask which do an all-optical decoding. After summing all the images together, the super-resolved reconstruction through the highly scattering blood medium is formed.
In this paper we present a new method for shaping of a pulsed IR (λ=1550 nm) laser beam in silicon. The shaping is based on plasma dispersion effect (PDE). The shaping is done by a second pulsed pump laser beam at 532 nm which simultaneously and collinearly illuminates the silicon’s surface with the IR beam. Following the PDE, and in proportion to its spatial intensity distribution, the 532 nm laser beam shapes the point spread function (PSF) by controlling the lateral transmission of the IR probe beam. The use of this probe in laser scanning microscope allows imaging and wide range of contactless electrical measurements in silicon integrated circuits (IC) being under operation e.g. for failure analysis purposes. We propose this shaping method to overcome the diffraction resolution limit in silicon microscopy on and deep under the silicon surface depending on the wavelength of the pump laser and its temporal pulse width. This approach is similar to the stimulated emission depletion (STED) concept previously introduced in scanning fluorescence microscopy.
A critical limitation imposed on all imaging systems is to achieve an optimal balance between optical resolution and bandwidth. The optical system determines and affects the relations between temporal information, spatial bandwidth, and resolution, so the resulting signal may differ for each wavelength. This is of significant importance for hyperspectral imaging in particular, because it extracts both spatial and temporal wavelength information. We present a dispersive device that can be used for hyperspectral imaging hypercube image measurements. We utilize the Vernier effect by integrating two silicon slabs that act together as a modified Fabry–Perot filter. The transition between wavelength bands is achieved by heating, utilizing the thermo-optic effect. Importantly, we show that red-shifting with concatenated slabs requires less heating than with a single slab. With the presented technique, a wide effective free spectral range of up to 90 nm around a central wavelength of 1550 nm was achieved along with 20-nm full-width-at-half-maximum resolution. With the same configuration, observing a narrower 0.7-nm free spectral range bandwidth, a fine spectrum resolution of 0.07 nm was obtained. Such variety covers most of the spatial and temporal standard limitations of current hyperspectral imaging requirements.
KEYWORDS: Nanoparticles, Super resolution, Gold, Microscopy, Image processing, Particles, Signal to noise ratio, Point spread functions, Lawrencium, Microscopes
Super-resolution localization microscopy can overcome the diffraction limit and achieve a tens of order improvement in resolution. It requires labeling the sample with fluorescent probes followed with their repeated cycles of activation and photobleaching. This work presents an alternative approach that is free from direct labeling and does not require the activation and photobleaching cycles. Fluorescently labeled gold nanoparticles in a solution are distributed on top of the sample. The nanoparticles move in a random Brownian motion, and interact with the sample. By obscuring different areas in the sample, the nanoparticles encode the sub-wavelength features. A sequence of images of the sample is captured and decoded by digital post processing to create the super-resolution image. The achievable resolution is limited by the additive noise and the size of the nanoparticles. Regular nanoparticles with diameter smaller than 100nm are barely seen in a conventional bright field microscope, thus fluorescently labeled gold nanoparticles were used, with proper
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