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Clinical Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging relies on the protons of hydrogen atoms (in water molecules) in tissue to provide the signal. Certain organs, for example the lung have been difficult to image because of low signal due to low density and heterogeneity of the tissue that induces susceptibility effects. 129Xe gas (xenon) can help MR imaging of the lungs since the nuclear-spin polarization of the xenon atoms can be increased by laser optical pumping and spin exchange. This process produces hyperpolarized xenon (H-Xe), in which the signal is enhanced by up to a factor of about 104(1).
Razvan Simionescu
"Laser polarizing system for hyperpolarized xenon (H-Xe) MR imaging of the lungs", Proc. SPIE 10313, Opto-Canada: SPIE Regional Meeting on Optoelectronics, Photonics, and Imaging, 103132L (29 August 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2283889
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Razvan Simionescu, "Laser polarizing system for hyperpolarized xenon (H-Xe) MR imaging of the lungs," Proc. SPIE 10313, Opto-Canada: SPIE Regional Meeting on Optoelectronics, Photonics, and Imaging, 103132L (29 August 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2283889