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The emerging surface plasmon technology could break through the diffraction limit by the miniaturization of the laser. However, the efficient coupling from the plasmon lasers to waveguides is still a fundamental and practical challenge. In the paper, a novel surface plasmon square cavity with tapered one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PhC) structure coupling to a waveguide is designed. We simulate and optimize the PhC plasmon coupling cavity structure parameters. The waveguide coupling efficiency of ~77% is achieved. The simulated results show that the quality factor is ~385 for this double-cavity coupling scheme at a operating wavelength of 1561nm. The coupling cavity width is only about λ/3. It is nearly lossless for the light propagating in the coupled Si waveguide. Moreover, the tapered PhC coupling cavity can be served as an ultra-small emitter source with an output power of 50 μW at the input current of 100 μA, which is ~7 times more than that of the straight waveguide cavity case. Such surface plasmon cavity with tapered 1D PhC will become a promising candidate for on-chip laser sources in the next generation optical interconnection.
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