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Temperature measurement in plasmonic traps is important because biological molecules and quantum emitters are sensitive to temperature. While other works have used ion pore currents, fluorescence emission variation, and fluorescent diffusion tracking to measure the temperature dependence of shaped nanoapertures in metal films, here we make use of a stable erbium (Er) containing NaYF4 nanocrystals that gives local temperature dependence. The local temperature variation is determined by a ratiometric analysis of the emission at different wavelengths.
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Elham Hosseini Toodeshki, Adriaan L. Frencken, Frank C. J. M. van Veggel, Reuven Gordon, "Nanoscale upconverter thermometers in a double-nanohole optical tweezer," Proc. SPIE 12649, Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XX, 126490M (5 October 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677050