Lung cancer, the second most common cancer in the United States, is diagnosed and staged through the analysis of biopsy specimens, often obtained through transbronchial biopsy (TBB). However, accurate TBB for small nodules is hindered by CT body divergence – misalignment between pre-operative CT and intra-operative coordinate frames. We propose a comprehensive image guidance system, leveraging a stationary multi-source fluoroscopy imager together with deformable 3D/2D registration to solve for a motion field parameterized by implicit neural representations(INR) to jointly track pulmonary and bronchoscopic motion.
We evaluate our algorithm using a simulated imaging chain and a 4D-CT dataset, as well as on simulated TBB. Using 5 views, we demonstrate a median landmark TRE of 1.42 mm and a bronchoscope tip error of 2.8 mm. We demonstrate a promising 3D image guidance approach to improving the accuracy of trans-bronchial biopsy using a multi-view stationary imager and estimation of patient motion through deformable 3D/2D registration, which can be extended to track respiratory and bronchoscope motion over time for real-time navigation.
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