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The urban metro rail transit system generates ground vibration during operation, and these vibrations will propagate through the ground and lead to vibration of nearby buildings. Therefore, the finite element numerical model is constructed with the example of subway tunnel passing through the surface building, under the influence of structural thickness ratio TR-BL and distance ratio DR-SD, the vibration response characteristics of surface building infrastructure to descending train dynamic load are analyzed. The results indicate that: the vibration response of the neighboring infrastructure structure is obviously positively correlated with TR-BL and DR-SD, in which the floor beam has a more obvious marginal effect with the increase of both, i.e., when TR-BL<0.7 and DR-SD<3, the vibration response can be effectively weakened; The distribution pattern of peak acceleration across different sections of the infrastructure framework exhibits a general trend of progressive attenuation moving from left to right, where the maximum values of response acceleration likewise undergo a gradual decline from left to right. Additionally, the vibration responses of floor beams exhibit a weakening trend, as compared to those of frame columns, as they extend towards the right. Compared with the frame columns, the ground beams are more significantly affected by the vibration of train operation; the changes of the structural thickness ratio and distance ratio do not affect the time-varying law of the structural vibration response, but only affect the response intensity value.
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